{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:52:49Z","timestamp":1765885969007,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3751,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper examines sexual practices, partner concurrency and sexually transmissible infections (STI)\/HIV infection among male sex workers (MSWs) in Vietnam. Methods: Six hundred and fifty-four MSWs, aged 16\u201335 years, were recruited in Hanoi, Nha Trang and Ho Chi Minh City between 2009 and 2011. Survey measures included demographic characteristics, drug use, types of sexual partners and sexual practices. Subjects were screened for STIs, including HIV. Results: MSWs in Ho Chi Minh City (33%) were more likely than those from the other two sites to be current users of one or more types of illegal drugs (P &amp;lt; 0.001). MSWs with both male and female elective partners (compared with other partnership types) were more likely to have anal sex with male client partners (P &amp;lt; 0.001), elective male partners (P = 0.045) and elective female partners (P = 0.025). At last sex with a male client partner, only 30% used a condom during anal intercourse. At last sex with an elective female partner, only 31% used a condom during vaginal sex and only 3% during anal sex. Although rates of HIV are low (4%), other STIs are high, including chlamydia (17%), gonorrhoea (29%) and human papillomavirus (33%). Most (57.3%) have never been tested for HIV and only 17% have ever disclosed to a healthcare provider that they have sex with men. Conclusions: Complex patterns of sexual concurrency, coupled with high rates of STIs, signal the urgent need for health services interventions among MSWs, both to improve individual health outcomes and to reduce secondary STI\/HIV transmission among sexual partner networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh14101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]],"date-time":"2015-01-26T16:58:15Z","timestamp":1422291495000},"page":"39-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sexual practices, partner concurrency and high rates of sexually transmissible infections among male sex workers in three cities in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Clatts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Public Health, PO Box 365067, University of Puerto Rico Medical Science Center, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico."},{"name":"DCorresponding author. Email: michael.clatts@upr.edu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lloyd A.","family":"Goldsamt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNew York University College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le Minh","family":"Giang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCenter for Research and Training on HIV\/AIDS, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Room 601, Building A1, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNew York University College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102419023383000_R1"},{"key":"2025102419023383000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.16.3.5.137.35527","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS epidemics in Vietnam: evolution and responses.","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"2025102419023383000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199804000-00012","article-title":"HIV infection and risk factors among female sex workers in southern Vietnam.","volume":"12","author":"Thuy","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025102419023383000_R4"},{"key":"2025102419023383000_R5"},{"key":"2025102419023383000_R6"},{"key":"2025102419023383000_R7","first-page":"51.002","article-title":"Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, and hepatitis among male sex workers in Ho Chi 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