{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T11:07:47Z","timestamp":1789816067752,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4254,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study describes the prevalence of (solo) masturbation, paying for sex and a range of other sexual practices among Australians. Methods: A representative sample of 20 094 men and women aged 16\u201369 years (participation rate among eligible people, 66.2%) were recruited by landline and mobile phone random-digit dialling and computer-assisted telephone interviews in 2012\u201313. Results: Many respondents (men, 72%; women, 42%) had masturbated in the past year. Half (51%) of the men and 24% of women had masturbated in the past 4 weeks. In the past year, more than two-fifths of respondents (men, 63%; women, 20%) had looked at pornography in any medium. Approximately 15% of men and 21% of women had used a sex toy. Digital-anal stimulation with a partner was practised by 19% of men and 15% of women, and oral-anal stimulation by 7% of men and 4% of women. Sexual role playing or dressing up were engaged in by 7\u20138%. Online sex, swinging, group sex, BDSM (bondage and discipline, \u2018sadomasochism\u2019 or dominance and submission) and fisting (rectal or vaginal) were each engaged in by less than 3% of the sample. Seventeen per cent of men said they had ever paid for sex; 2% had done so in the past year. Conclusion: Most of the solo practices studied were engaged in by more men than women, but women were more likely to have used a sex toy. Autoerotic activities are both substitutes for partnered sex and additional sources of pleasure for people with sexual partners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh14116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]],"date-time":"2014-11-06T23:24:18Z","timestamp":1415316258000},"page":"461-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Masturbation, paying for sex, and other sexual activities: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Juliet","family":"Richters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."},{"name":"ICorresponding author. Email: j.richters@unsw.edu.au"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard O.","family":"de Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSchool of Psychology, Pevensey 1, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul B.","family":"Badcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAustralian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, 215 Franklin Street, Melbourne, Vic. 3000, Australia."},{"name":"DCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony M. A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAustralian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, 215 Franklin Street, Melbourne, Vic. 3000, Australia."},{"name":"HDeceased."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Rissel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy M.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSydney School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building (A27), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Grulich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GThe Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070101540164600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1071\/SH14105","article-title":"Heterosexual experience and recent heterosexual encounters among Australian adults: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships.","volume":"11","author":"Rissel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1071\/SH14122","article-title":"Homosexual experience and recent homosexual encounters: the Second Australian Survey of Health and Relationships.","volume":"11","author":"Grulich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R3"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R4"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1300\/J056v14n02_02","article-title":"Masturbation as a means of achieving sexual health.","volume":"14","author":"Coleman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychol Human Sex"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s11930-014-0016-8","article-title":"The emperor has no clothes: a review of the \u2018pornography addiction\u2019 model.","volume":"6","author":"Ley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Sex Health Rep"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00806.x","article-title":"Sex in Australia: autoerotic, esoteric and other sexual practices engaged in by a representative sample of adults.","volume":"27","author":"Richters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62035-8","article-title":"Changes in sexual attitudes and lifestyles in Britain through the life course and over time: findings from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal).","volume":"382","author":"Mercer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02009.x","article-title":"Sexual behaviors, relationships, and perceived health among adult men in the United States: results from a national probability sample.","volume":"7","author":"Reece","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02010.x","article-title":"Sexual behaviors, relationships, and perceived health status among adult women in the United States: results from a national probability sample.","volume":"7","author":"Herbenick","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.014985","article-title":"Who pays for sex? An analysis of the increasing prevalence of female commercial sex contact among men in Britain.","volume":"81","author":"Ward","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii26","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.021196","article-title":"Clients of sex workers in different regions of the world: hard to count.","volume":"82","author":"Carael","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1071\/SH14115","article-title":"Design and methods of the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships.","volume":"11","author":"Richters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R14"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R15"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R16"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R17"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R18"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R19"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R20"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00797.x","article-title":"Sex in Australia: the rationale and methods of the Australian Study of Health and Relationships.","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00807.x","article-title":"Sex in Australia: experiences of commercial sex in a representative sample of adults.","volume":"27","author":"Rissel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017504","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of research on gender differences in sexuality: 1993 to 2007.","volume":"136","author":"Petersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9123-6","article-title":"Prevalence of masturbation and associated factors in a British national probability survey.","volume":"37","author":"Gerressu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/19317610903393043","article-title":"Healthy sexual development: a multidisciplinary framework for research.","volume":"22","author":"McKee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Sex Health"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R26"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R27"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R28"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R29"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-013-9186-1","article-title":"Masturbation and the media.","volume":"17","author":"Watson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Cult"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490902878993","article-title":"Masturbation among young women and associations with sexual health: an exploratory study.","volume":"46","author":"Hogarth","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-013-9167-4","article-title":"Adventures with the \u2018plastic man\u2019: sex toys, compulsory heterosexuality, and the politics of women\u2019s sexual pleasure.","volume":"17","author":"Fahs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Cult"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/19317611.2012.719852","article-title":"\u2018My vagina makes funny noises\u2019: analyzing online forums to assess the real sexual health concerns of young people.","volume":"25","author":"Cohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Sex Health"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R34"},{"key":"2026070101540164600_R35","unstructured":"Regnerus M, Gordon D. 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