{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:06:28Z","timestamp":1761509188909,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3470,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of sexual activity biomarkers in HIV prevention trials has been widely supported to validate self-reported data. When such trials involve minors, researchers may face challenges in obtaining parental buy-in, especially if return of results procedures uphold the confidentiality and privacy rights of minors and preclude parental access to test results. In preparation for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) with junior secondary school (JSS) students in Botswana, a formative assessment was conducted to assess parents\u2019 opinions and concerns about testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (biomarker of sexual activity) as part of the RCT. Methods: Six focus groups were held with parents (n = 32) of JSS students from urban, peri-urban and rural communities. Parents were asked their opinions of students being tested for HSV-2 and procedures for blood sample collection and return of results. Results: Overall, parents were supportive of HSV-2 testing, which they thought was a beneficial sexual health resource for adolescents and parents, and a motivation for parent\u2013child communication about HSV-2, sexual activity and sexual abuse. Some parents supported the proposed plan to disclose HSV-2 test results to adolescents only, citing the importance of adolescent privacy and the possibility of HSV-2 positive adolescents being stigmatised by family members. Conversely, opposing parents requested parental access to results. These parents were concerned that adolescents may experience distress following a positive result and withhold this information thereby reducing parents\u2019 abilities to provide support. Parents were also concerned about support for victims of sexual abuse. Conclusion: Although the present study demonstrates that parents can be accepting of sexual activity biomarker testing of adolescents, more research is needed to identify best approaches for returning test results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh15092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T18:05:14Z","timestamp":1455732314000},"page":"148-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Parents\u2019 reactions to testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 as a biomarker of sexual activity in Botswana junior secondary school students"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Haddi J.","family":"Cham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASciMetrika, 2987 Clairmont Road NE # 220, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA."},{"name":"BDivision of Global HIV\/AIDS, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA."},{"name":"CCorresponding author. Email: hcham@cdc.gov"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Lasswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDivision of Global HIV\/AIDS, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim S.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDivision of Global HIV\/AIDS, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102616001877200_R1"},{"key":"2025102616001877200_R2"},{"key":"2025102616001877200_R3"},{"key":"2025102616001877200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2602_03","article-title":"Methodological challenges in research on sexual risk behavior: II. 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