{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T12:17:33Z","timestamp":1784636253509,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3497,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anal cancer is increasing in incidence, has very high rates in specific populations and shares many similarities with cervical cancer. High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) are regarded as precursors to anal cancer. High resolution anoscopy (HRA), which is derived from colposcopy, is the only currently available tool that can identify areas of the anal canal for targeted biopsy and identification of HSIL. Methods: This study investigated the ability over a period of time of a single anoscopist to identify and adequately biopsy HSIL, correlating with contemporary anal cytological findings. Results: Four hundred paired cytology and histology samples collected from 283 patients over a 7-year period from 2004 to 2010 were compared. There was a significant increase in HSIL detection rates when anal squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US; 38.6\u201366.0%) or low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (38.8\u201368.3%) were taken as cut-off points (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for both). Detection rates did not change significantly when atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H) or a higher grade lesion (70\u201376.6%) was taken as the cut-off point. Conclusions: The increase in ability to detect histological HSIL over time and with increasing experience has the potential to impact on delivery of clinical services and the interpretation of clinical trial data. Further studies are required to determine the extent of this effect on other clinicians practising HRA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh15170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,31]],"date-time":"2016-01-31T18:49:53Z","timestamp":1454266193000},"page":"177-181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Ability to detect high-grade squamous anal intraepithelial lesions at high resolution anoscopy improves over time"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Hillman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AWestern Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia."},{"name":"BSydney Medical School \u2013 Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"CThe Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."},{"name":"FCorresponding author. Email: Richard.Hillman@sydney.edu.au"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoji P. W.","family":"Gunathilake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AWestern Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CThe Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DCentre for Applied Medical Research \u2013 Clinical Research Program, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DCentre for Applied Medical Research \u2013 Clinical Research Program, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102617125045600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1071\/SH12070","article-title":"The epidemiology of anal cancer.","volume":"9","author":"Grulich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2003.12.005","article-title":"The etiology and epidemiology of anal cancer.","volume":"13","author":"Welton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N 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\u2013 sampling, processing and reporting.","volume":"9","author":"Darragh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e31826916c7","article-title":"The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Standardization project for HPV-associated lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology.","volume":"32","author":"Darragh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1071\/SH12045","article-title":"Practising high-resolution anoscopy.","volume":"9","author":"Palefsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1071\/SH11178","article-title":"Comparison of the performance of anal cytology and cervical cytology as screening tests.","volume":"9","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1086\/505219","article-title":"Screening HIV-infected individuals for anal cancer precursor lesions: a systematic review.","volume":"43","author":"Chiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328339e592","article-title":"The role of cytology (Pap tests) and human papillomavirus testing in anal cancer screening.","volume":"24","author":"Salit","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e31819793d9","article-title":"Performance characteristics of anal cytology and human papillomavirus testing in patients with high-resolution anoscopy-guided biopsy of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia.","volume":"52","author":"Berry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328333ab8e","article-title":"Performance of anal cytology in a clinical setting when measured against histology and high-resolution anoscopy findings.","volume":"24","author":"Nathan","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200412150-00014","article-title":"Measurement characteristics of anal cytology, histopathology, and high-resolution anoscopic visual impression in an anal dysplasia screening program.","volume":"37","author":"Mathews","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000227","article-title":"Screening for anal cancer precursors: what is the learning curve for high-resolution anoscopy?","volume":"28","author":"Richel","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283633111","article-title":"Progression to and spontaneous regression of high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected and uninfected men.","volume":"27","author":"Tong","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.08.005","article-title":"Anal dysplasia in kidney transplant recipients.","volume":"207","author":"Ogilvie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3182061b34","article-title":"Prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in women with genital neoplasia.","volume":"54","author":"Koppe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R19","unstructured":"British Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (BSCCP). Colposcopy training; 2013. Available online at: https:\/\/www.bsccp.org.uk\/healthcare-professionals\/colposcopy-training\/trainer-trainee-guidelines\/ [verified February 2014]."},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R20","unstructured":"American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP). ASCCP Colposcopy Mentorship Program; 2014. Available online at: www.asccp.org\/Education\/Education-eLearning\/Colposcopy-Mentorship-Program-CMP [verified February 2014]."},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1071\/SH11157","article-title":"Treatment options for anal intraepithelial neoplasia and evidence for their effectiveness.","volume":"9","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102617125045600_R22","first-page":"CD009244","article-title":"Interventions for anal canal intraepithelial neoplasia.","volume":"12","author":"Macaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/13\/2\/177\/1255272\/sh15170.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/13\/2\/177\/1255272\/sh15170.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:12:58Z","timestamp":1761513178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/13\/2\/177\/184983\/Ability-to-detect-high-grade-squamous-anal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh15170","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]}}}