{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:53:17Z","timestamp":1761519197810,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2873,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gonorrhoea occurs at high levels in young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living in remote communities, but there are limited data on urban and regional settings. An analysis was undertaken of gonorrhoea testing and positivity at four non-remote Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services participating in a collaborative research network. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of clinical encounter data derived from electronic medical records at participating services. Data were extracted using the GRHANITE program for all patients aged 15\u201354 years from 2009 to 2013. Demographic characteristics and testing and positivity for gonorrhoea were calculated for each year. Results: A total of 2971 patients (2571 Aboriginal and\/or Torres Strait Islander) were tested for gonorrhoea during the study period. Among Aboriginal and\/or Torres Strait Islander patients, 40 (1.6%) tested positive. Gonorrhoea positivity was associated with clinic location (higher in the regional clinic) and having had a positive chlamydia test. By year, the proportion of patients aged 15\u201329 years tested for gonorrhoea increased in both men (7.4% in 2009 to 15.9% in 2013) and women (14.8% in 2009 to 25.3% in 2013). Concurrent testing for chlamydia was performed on 86.3% of testing occasions, increasing from 75% in 2009 to 92% in 2013. Factors related to concurrent testing were sex and year of test. Conclusions: The prevalence of gonorrhoea among young Aboriginal and\/or Torres Strait Islander people in non-remote settings suggests that the current approach of duplex testing for chlamydia and gonorrhoea simultaneously is justified, particularly for women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh16046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T19:36:00Z","timestamp":1498160160000},"page":"320-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gonorrhoea testing and positivity in non-remote Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mary Ellen","family":"Harrod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSW Users and AIDS Association, Level 5, 414 Elizabeth Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2012, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Couzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BJames Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSouth Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DNational Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, 3\/221 London Circuit, Braddon, ACT 2612, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basil","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EKirby Institute, Lv6, Wallace Wurth Building, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FNunkuwarrin Yunti of South Australia Inc., 28 Brady Street, Elizabeth Downs, SA 5000, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dea","family":"Delaney-Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSchool of Public Health & Community Medicine, Samuels Avenue, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."},{"name":"HNepean Aboriginal Health Service Ltd, 454\u2013456 High Street, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Belfrage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVictorian Aboriginal Health Service, 186 Nicholson Street, Fitzroy, Vic. 3065, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sid","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JGoondir Health Services, 4 Jimbour Street, Dalby, Qld 4405, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy Watchirs","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EKirby Institute, Lv6, Wallace Wurth Building, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Kaldor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EKirby Institute, Lv6, Wallace Wurth Building, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."},{"name":"KCorresponding author. Email: Jkaldor@kirby.unsw.edu.au"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102419050864100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks188","article-title":"The ticking time bomb: escalating antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a public health disaster in waiting.","volume":"67","author":"Whiley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025102419050864100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051617","article-title":"Incidence of curable sexually transmissible infections among adolescents and young adults in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: analysis of longitudinal clinical service data.","volume":"91","author":"Silver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102419050864100_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.6.431","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus infection in indigenous women in northern Australia.","volume":"75","author":"Bowden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102419050864100_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1071\/SH13205","article-title":"Epidemiology of gonorrhoea notifications in Australia, 2007\u201312.","volume":"11","author":"Roberts-Witteveen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102419050864100_R5"},{"key":"2025102419050864100_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.10163","article-title":"Epidemiology of chlamydia and gonorrhoea among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, 2000\u20132009.","volume":"197","author":"Graham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025102419050864100_R7"},{"key":"2025102419050864100_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10945","article-title":"Gonorrhoea infection, reinfection and co-infection in men in inner Sydney: a population-based analysis.","volume":"200","author":"Ressler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025102419050864100_R9","unstructured":"Creighton S. Gonorrhoea. Systematic review 1604. BMJ Clin Evid 2014. Available online at: http:\/\/clinicalevidence.bmj.com\/x\/systematic-review\/1604\/overview.html [verified 29 March 2017]."},{"key":"2025102419050864100_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1071\/SH14179","article-title":"Increased testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae with duplex nucleic acid amplification tests in Australia: implications for surveillance.","volume":"12","author":"Donovan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102419050864100_R11","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. The Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Remoteness Structure. Canberra: Australian Government; 2006. 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