{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T17:11:32Z","timestamp":1784999492388,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3311,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous review studies explored factors related to the process of HIV disclosure. However, none of these review studies specifically focused on the effects of stigma on HIV disclosure to sex partners. A comprehensive systematic review of empirical studies on the effects of stigma on HIV disclosure to sex partners was conducted until December 2014. Twenty-seven articles published in English-language journals were selected, and study characteristics and findings were evaluated. Inconsistent findings in the assessment of impacts of stigma on HIV disclosure to sex partners were documented. Three underlying plausible reasons were identified, and these included: (1) different types of stigma may have different effects on HIV disclosure to sex partners; (2) studies used different measurement strategies; and (3) varied personal backgrounds and health factors that can mitigate, facilitate or moderate the effect of stigma on HIV disclosure to sex partners. Studies with precise definition measurements of specific types of stigma used them appropriately in a matching context to provide more consistent research results. This review identifies the need for further investigation into how the HIV disclosure process is shaped by particular types of stigma, types of sex partners and demographic characteristics of people living with HIV\/AIDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh16089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T20:24:33Z","timestamp":1470342273000},"page":"516-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of multiple types of stigma on the probability of HIV disclosure to sex partners: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Haochu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China."},{"name":"BUNC Project-China, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA."},{"name":"GCorresponding author. Email: hcli@alumni.cuhk.net; haochuli@med.unc.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CArnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DResearch Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100062, China."},{"name":"ECentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."},{"name":"FMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic. 3053, Australia."},{"name":"HCo-corresponding author. Email: lei.zhang1@monash.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."},{"name":"FMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102617140141500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.3.253","article-title":"Sexual ethics: disclosure of HIV-positive status to partners.","volume":"158","author":"Stein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2025102617140141500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121003602226","article-title":"Disclosure of HIV results among discordant couples in Rakai, Uganda: a facilitated couple counselling approach.","volume":"22","author":"Kairania","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2025102617140141500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.20.724","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of HIV serostatus disclosure: a prospective study among HIV-infected postparturient women in Barbados.","volume":"20","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"2025102617140141500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-006-9106-6","article-title":"The role of HIV serostatus disclosure in antiretroviral medication adherence.","volume":"10","author":"Stirratt","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025102617140141500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198108316595","article-title":"Weighing the consequences: self-disclosure of HIV-positive status among African American injection drug users.","volume":"36","author":"Valle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"2025102617140141500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-1678-z","article-title":"Disclosure of HIV status and psychological well-being among Latino gay and bisexual men.","volume":"9","author":"Zea","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025102617140141500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120208629674","article-title":"The paradox of public HIV disclosure.","volume":"14","author":"Paxton","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2025102617140141500_R8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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