{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:25:28Z","timestamp":1785518728439,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3223,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited information suggests that men who have sex with men (MSM) are informally obtaining antiretroviral medication (ARVs) and using them for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Methods: Data are drawn from an on-going study examining the use of non-prescribed ARVs for PrEP. To date, 24 qualitative interviews have been conducted with HIV-negative, substance-using MSM living in Miami, Florida, USA. Data are presented from two participants who reported HIV seroconversion while using non-prescribed ARVs for PrEP. Results: Preliminary data indicate that some young MSM: (i) lack awareness of and accurate information about the efficacious use of PrEP; (ii) obtain non-prescribed ARVs from HIV-positive sex partners and use these medications for PrEP in a way that does not provide adequate protection against HIV infection or cohere with established guidelines; and (iii) engage in multiple HIV transmission risk behaviours, including condomless anal sex and injection drug use. Conclusions: The informal, non-prescribed and non-medically supervised use of ARVs for HIV prevention has the potential to undermine the protective benefits of PrEP and leave men unprotected against HIV transmission and at risk for ARV resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh16108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]],"date-time":"2016-10-20T17:46:47Z","timestamp":1476985607000},"page":"193-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Preliminary evidence of HIV seroconversion among HIV-negative men who have sex with men taking non-prescribed antiretroviral medication for HIV prevention in Miami, Florida, USA"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mance E.","family":"Buttram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ACenter for Applied Research on Substance Use and Health Disparities, Nova Southeastern University, 7255 NE 4th Avenue, Suite 112, Miami, FL 33138, USA."},{"name":"BCorresponding author. Email: mance.buttram@nova.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Kurtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACenter for Applied Research on Substance Use and Health Disparities, Nova Southeastern University, 7255 NE 4th Avenue, Suite 112, Miami, FL 33138, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102615583719400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205","article-title":"Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men.","volume":"363","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Interim guidance: preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in men who have sex with men.","volume":"60","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R3","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Truvada for PrEP fact sheet: ensuring safe and proper use. 2012. Available online at: www.fda.gov\/downloads\/newsevents\/newsroom\/factsheets\/ucm312279.pdf [verified 2 July 2015]."},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pre-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States \u2013 2014: a clinical practice guideline. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014. Available online at: www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/prepguidelines2014.pdf [verified 13 April 2015]."},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33119","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033119","article-title":"Limited awareness and low immediate uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men using an internet social networking site.","volume":"7","author":"Krakower","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2015.0069","article-title":"Misunderstanding of pre-exposure prophylaxis use among MSM: public health and policy implications.","author":"Kurtz","year":"2015","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.837139","article-title":"Vulnerable infected populations and street markets for ARVs: potential implications for PrEP rollout in the US.","volume":"26","author":"Kurtz","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301092","article-title":"Antiretroviral medication diversion among HIV-positive substance abusers in South Florida.","volume":"103","author":"Surratt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181f27616","article-title":"Preefficacy use and sharing of antiretroviral medications to prevent sexually-transmitted HIV infection among US men who have sex with men.","volume":"55","author":"Mansergh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31818d5a27","article-title":"Preexposure antiretroviral prophylaxis attitudes in high-risk Boston area men who report having sex with men: limited knowledge and experience but potential for increased utilization after education.","volume":"50","author":"Mimiaga","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F13","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283522272","article-title":"Unraveling the divergent results of pre-exposure prophylaxis trials for HIV prevention.","volume":"26","author":"van der Straten","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31827e854a","article-title":"The informal use of antiretrovirals for preexposure prophylaxis of HIV infection among gay men in Australia.","volume":"62","author":"Zablotska","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R13"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000234085.18914.d5","article-title":"Knowledge and use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among attendees of minority gay pride events, 2004.","volume":"43","author":"Kellerman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181f27616","article-title":"Preefficacy use and sharing of antiretroviral medications to prevent sexually-transmitted HIV infection among US men who have sex with men.","volume":"55","author":"Mansergh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102615583719400_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0531-z","article-title":"A randomized trial of behavioral intervention for high risk substance-using MSM.","volume":"17","author":"Kurtz","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/14\/2\/193\/845228\/sh16108.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/14\/2\/193\/845228\/sh16108.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:58:42Z","timestamp":1761508722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/14\/2\/193\/106957\/Preliminary-evidence-of-HIV-seroconversion-among"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh16108","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]]}}}