{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T06:11:59Z","timestamp":1776492719001,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3248,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After reviewing urethral gonorrhoea cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) at the South Australia Specialist Sexual Health (SASSH) in Adelaide, Australia, we noticed peaks of gonorrhoea among MSM occurred predominantly in the first quarter of the year (January\u2013March). The aim of this study was to formally test this hypothesis against data from a similar period at three sexual health services, one each in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of computerised records at the three Australian sexual health services. Potential risk factors for urethral gonorrhoea among MSM were also reviewed at the SASSH. Results: More peaks of gonorrhoea cases were observed in the first quarter of the year in Adelaide and Sydney and in the second and fourth quarter in Melbourne. Factors independently associated with urethral gonorrhoea at the SASSH were being a young MSM, especially those aged 25\u201329 (odds ratio (OR) 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.00\u20133.54), having more than one sexual partner (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.43\u20132.04), having had sex interstate and overseas (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.06\u20132.17), and presenting in the first quarter (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10\u20131.55). Conclusion: Our data suggest that gonorrhoea among MSM occurs in a seasonal pattern, particularly late summer into early autumn. This has implications for the provision of health services over the year and for the timing of health promotion activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh16122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]],"date-time":"2016-10-06T19:59:59Z","timestamp":1475783999000},"page":"589-592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Seasonal variation in gonorrhoea incidence among men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia."},{"name":"BSouth Australia Specialist Sexual Health, Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASchool of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric P. F.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."},{"name":"DMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basil","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."},{"name":"FSydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"McNulty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSouth Australia Specialist Sexual Health, Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSouth Australia Specialist Sexual Health, Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."},{"name":"DMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic. 3053, Australia."},{"name":"GCorresponding author. Email: cfairley@mshc.org.au"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102617141799600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2005.04.004","article-title":"Increasing rates of sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men in Western Europe and the United States: why?","volume":"19","author":"Fenton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1086\/511422","article-title":"Update on the management of gonorrhoea in adults in the United States.","volume":"44","author":"Newman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000232","article-title":"Substantial increases in chlamydia and gonorrhoea positivity unexplained by changes in individual-level sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in an Australian sexual health service from 2007 to 2013.","volume":"42","author":"Chow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R4"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181e19a54","article-title":"Preexposure prophylaxis and predicted condom use among high-risk men who have sex with men.","volume":"54","author":"Golub","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3604","article-title":"Seasonal infectious disease epidemiology.","volume":"273","author":"Grassly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-3188(00)00079-6","article-title":"Is there a seasonal variation in gonorrhoea and chlamydia in adolescents?","volume":"14","author":"Schroeder","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R8","first-page":"433","article-title":"Relative and seasonal incidences of the sexually transmitted diseases. A two-year statistical review.","volume":"54","author":"Wright","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689909200204","article-title":"Seasonal variations in sexual activity and their implications for sexual health promotion.","volume":"92","author":"Wellings","year":"1999","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052225","article-title":"Summer heat: a cross-sectional analysis of seasonal differences in sexual behaviour and sexually transmissible diseases in Melbourne, Australia.","volume":"92","author":"Cornelisse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541895","article-title":"Circadian and circannual rhythms in sexual activity and plasma hormones (FSH, LH, testosterone) of five human males.","volume":"7","author":"Reinberg","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R12"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051918","article-title":"Was an epidemic of gonorrhoea among heterosexuals attending an Adelaide sexual health services associated with variations in sex work policing policy?","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102617141799600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520701648325","article-title":"Recent change in the annual pattern of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States.","volume":"24","author":"Shah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/13\/6\/589\/1255461\/sh16122.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/13\/6\/589\/1255461\/sh16122.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:14:21Z","timestamp":1761513261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/13\/6\/589\/185016\/Seasonal-variation-in-gonorrhoea-incidence-among"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh16122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]]}}}