{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:20:30Z","timestamp":1781536830907,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2692,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study sought to determine community prevalence, epidemiology and testing patterns for sexually transmissible infections (STI) in northern New Zealand. Methods: A total of 2643 samples submitted for STI testing between 26 November 2015 and 7 December 2015 underwent analysis by Aptima Combo 2 (Hologic, San Diego, CA, USA), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) assays. Results were analysed by patient demographics. Results: Four hundred and eleven pathogens were detected from 359 patients, with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), TV, and MG detected in 178 (6.7%), 19 (0.7%), 80 (3%) and 134 (5.1%) samples respectively. With the exception of TV, STI prevalence was highest in people &amp;lt;25 years of age. Infection was more common in men for NG (odds ratio (OR) 5.05, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and CT (OR 2.72, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Maori and Pacific ethnicity were associated with increased risk of MG (OR 1.82, P = 0.006,) TV (OR 6.1, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and CT (OR 3.31, P &amp;lt; 0.001) infection, and TV and NG infections were more prevalent as social deprivation increased. A mismatch between testing rates and prevalence of infection was seen, with fewer tests performed for males (OR 0.2, P &amp;lt; 0.001) than females and no difference in testing of Maori and Pacific men (3064\/100 000) compared with men of European background (3181\/100 000, OR 0.96, P = 0.76), despite an increased risk of disease. Conclusions: There are disparately low testing rates for STIs in certain high-risk groups in northern New Zealand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh17110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T18:59:43Z","timestamp":1513796383000},"page":"232-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium: an observational study of testing patterns, prevalence and co-infection rates in northern New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Arlo","family":"Upton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AMicrobiology Department, Labtests, 31 \u2013 41 Carbine road, Auckland 2022, New Zealand."},{"name":"DCorresponding author. Email: arlo.upton@labtests.co.nz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liselle","family":"Bissessor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMicrobiology Department, Labtests, 31 \u2013 41 Carbine road, Auckland 2022, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHologic (Australia) Pty Ltd, Suite 402, Level 4, 2 Lyon Park Road, Macquarie Park NSW 2113, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHologic, Clinical Affair Department, Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Inc., 10210 Genetic Center Drive, San Diego, CA\u00a092121, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"McAuliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMicrobiology Department, Labtests, 31 \u2013 41 Carbine road, Auckland 2022, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2025102419065931700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","article-title":"Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting.","volume":"10","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102419065931700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ312","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis.","volume":"61","author":"Lis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025102419065931700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415596496","article-title":"Large two-centre study into the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis in the Netherlands.","volume":"27","author":"de Jong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102419065931700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1071\/SH09092","article-title":"A case-control study of men with non-gonococcal urethritis at Auckland Sexual Health Service: rates of detection of Mycoplasma genitalium.","volume":"7","author":"Hilton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102419065931700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.12.002","article-title":"High prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in women presenting for termination of pregnancy.","volume":"77","author":"Lawton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102419065931700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1071\/SH12168","article-title":"Cervicitis: limited clinical utility for the detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in a cross-sectional study of women attending a New Zealand sexual health clinic.","volume":"10","author":"Oliphant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025102419065931700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13849","article-title":"2016 European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections.","volume":"30","author":"Jensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025102419065931700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01053-16","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium prevalence, coinfection, and macrolide antibiotic resistance frequency in a multicenter clinical study cohort in the United States.","volume":"54","author":"Getman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102419065931700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02475-10","article-title":"Induced macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium isolates from patients with recurrent nongonococcal urethritis.","volume":"49","author":"Yew","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1159","key":"2025102419065931700_R10","first-page":"U119","article-title":"Epidemiological features of women with trichomoniasis in Auckland sexual health clinics: 1998\u201399.","volume":"115","author":"Lo","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102419065931700_R11","first-page":"61","article-title":"Venereal disease in New Zealand.","volume":"45","author":"Platts","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"2025102419065931700_R12","unstructured":"Southwick M, Kenealy T, Ryan D. Primary care for pacific people: a pacific and health systems approach. Ministry of Health NZ. 2013 Available online at: http:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/publication\/primary-care-pacific-people-pacific-and-health-systems-approach [verified 11 January 2017]"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102419065931700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12543","article-title":"Changes in the sexual health behaviours of New Zealand secondary school students, 2001\u20132012: findings from a national survey series.","volume":"40","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025102419065931700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318175d885","article-title":"Chlamydia in the Pacific region, the silent epidemic.","volume":"35","author":"Cliffe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025102419065931700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051075","article-title":"Global epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis.","volume":"89","author":"Poole","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102419065931700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02025-15","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory testing for Trichomonas vaginalis infection.","volume":"54","author":"Van Der Pol","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102419065931700_R17","first-page":"147","article-title":"Gender differences in the utilization of health care services.","volume":"49","author":"Bertakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102419065931700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.070680","article-title":"Improving access to health care among New Zealand\u2019s Maori population.","volume":"96","author":"Ellison-Loschmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/15\/3\/232\/147068\/sh17110.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/15\/3\/232\/147068\/sh17110.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T23:07:07Z","timestamp":1761347227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/15\/3\/232\/21309\/Diagnosis-of-Chlamydia-trachomatis-Neisseria"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh17110","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]}}}