{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:26:20Z","timestamp":1791483980619,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2414,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No data are available on the feasibility of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivered by trained key population (KP) community health workers. Herein we report data from the KP-led Princess PrEP program serving men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Thailand. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, trained MSM and TGW community health workers delivered same-day PrEP service in community health centres, allowing clients to receive one PrEP bottle to start on the day of HIV-negative testing. Visits were scheduled at Months 1 and 3, and every 3 months thereafter. Uptake, retention and adherence to PrEP services and changes in risk behaviours over time are reported. Results: Of 1467 MSM and 230 TGW who started PrEP, 44.1% had had condomless sex in the past 3 months. At Months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12, retention was 74.2%, 64.0%, 56.2%, 46.7% and 43.9% respectively (lower in TGW than MSM at all visits; P &amp;lt; 0.001), with adherence to at least four PrEP pills per week self-reported by 97.4%, 96.8%, 96.5%, 97.5% and 99.5% of respondents respectively (no difference between MSM and TGW). Logistic regression analysis identified age &amp;gt;25 years, being MSM and having at least a Bachelors degree significantly increased retention. Condomless sex did not change over the 12-month period (from 47.2% to 45.2%; P = 0.20). New syphilis was diagnosed in 4.9% and 3.0% of PrEP clients at Months 6 and 12 (cf. 7.0% at baseline; P = 0.007). Among PrEP adherers and non-adherers, there were one and six HIV cases of seroconversion respectively, which resulted in corresponding HIV incidence rates (95% confidence interval) of 0.27 (0.04\u20131.90) and 1.36 (0.61\u20133.02) per 100 person-years. Conclusion: Our KP-led PrEP program successfully delivered PrEP to MSM and TGW. Innovative retention supports are needed, especially for TGW and those who are young or with lower education levels. To scale-up and sustain KP-led PrEP programs, strong endorsement from international and national guidelines is necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh18065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T20:27:08Z","timestamp":1537820828000},"page":"542-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Princess PrEP program: the first key population-led model to deliver pre-exposure prophylaxis to key populations by key populations in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nittaya","family":"Phanuphak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."},{"name":"KCorresponding author. Email: nittaya.p@trcarc.org"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanthip","family":"Sungsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jureeporn","family":"Jantarapakde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supabhorn","family":"Pengnonyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deondara","family":"Trachunthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pravit","family":"Mingkwanrungruang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waraporn","family":"Sirisakyot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pattareeya","family":"Phiayura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pich","family":"Seekaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phubet","family":"Panpet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRainbow Sky Association of Thailand, 1, 3 Ramkhamhaeng Road, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phathranis","family":"Meekrua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CService Workers IN Group (SWING) Foundation, 3 Surawongse Road, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanthika","family":"Praweprai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSisters Foundation, 417\/64-65 Central Pattaya Road, Banglamung, Chonburi 20150, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fonthip","family":"Suwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERainbow Sky Association of Thailand, 97 Nipatsongkroh 2 Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supakarn","family":"Sangtong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FMPlus Foundation, 142 Soi Chomchan, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pornpichit","family":"Brutrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSWING Foundation, 45\/54 South Pattaya Road, Banglamung, Chonburi 20260, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tashada","family":"Wongsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HCaremat Foundation, 257\/36 Suthep Road, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panus Rattakittvijun","family":"Na Nakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Rajdumri Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFHI 360 and LINKAGES Project, 19th Floor, Sindhorn Building, Wiresless Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFHI 360 and LINKAGES Project, 19th Floor, Sindhorn Building, Wiresless Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravipa","family":"Vannakit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JOffice of Public Health, U.S. Agency for International Development Regional Development Mission for Asia, 25th Floor, Athenee Building, Wireless Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praphan","family":"Phanuphak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APREVENTION, 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Available from: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2016-prevention-gap-report_en.pdf [verified 24 March 2018]."},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)30235-1","article-title":"HIV rapid diagnostic testing by lay providers in a key population-led health service programme in Thailand.","volume":"4","author":"Wongkanya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Virus Eradication"},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R7"},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R8","unstructured":"WHO. WHO Implementation Tool for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV Infection, Module 1 Clinical, July 2017. Geneva: WHO; 2017. Available online at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/255889\/WHO-HIV-2017.17-eng.pdf;jsessionid=8903744C4A5E4501A179D5389CA1EF87?sequence=1 [verified 24 March 2018]."},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R9","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Task shifting and sharing for 90-90-90: a checklist for implementation. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS; 2017. Available online at: http:\/\/csd.columbia.edu\/files\/2017\/05\/UNAIDS-Task-Shifting-and-Sharing-for-90-90-90.pdf [verified 24 March 2018]."},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R10","unstructured":"Human Research Protection Unit, Institutional Review Board, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. Standard operating procedures (SOP) version 7.1. Bangkok: Mahidol University; 2017. Available online at: http:\/\/www.si.mahidol.ac.th\/sirb\/SOP.html [verified 17 May 2018]."},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R11","unstructured":"FHI 360. LINKAGES Enhanced Peer Outreach Approach (EPOA) Implementation Guide. North Carolina, USA: FHI 360; 2017. Available online at: https:\/\/www.fhi360.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/documents\/ resource-linkages-enhanced-peer-outreach-implementation.pdf. [verified 24 March 2018]."},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R12","unstructured":"Department of Disease Control, Thailand Ministry of Public Health. Thailand national guidelines on HIV\/AIDS treatment and prevention. Nonthaburi, Thailand: Bureau of AIDS, TB and STIs; 2017. Available online at: http:\/\/www.thaiaidssociety.org\/images\/PDF\/hiv_thai_guideline_2560. pdf [verified 24 March 2018]."},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21658","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182928ea6","article-title":"A call for differentiated approaches to delivering HIV services to key populations.","volume":"20","author":"Macdonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1606-4","article-title":"Optimizing pre-exposure antiretroviral prophylaxis adherence in men who have sex with men: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial of \u201cLife-Steps for PrEP\u201d.","volume":"21","author":"Mayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R15"},{"key":"2025102419084004000_R16","unstructured":"South Africa National Department of Health. 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