{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T03:40:53Z","timestamp":1782531653116,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2180,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The gonorrhoea rate among gay and bisexual men who have sex with men (MSM) has been increasing rapidly in many Western countries. Furthermore, gonorrhoea is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics and only limited options remain for treatment. Recent evidence suggests that the oropharynx may play an important role in gonorrhoea transmission. It is hypothesised that reducing the prevalence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea will also reduce the population incidence of gonorrhoea. Mouthwash has been proposed as a novel non-antibiotic intervention to prevent oropharyngeal gonorrhoea; hence, reducing the probability of antibiotic resistance developing. However, its efficacy is yet to be confirmed by a randomised controlled trial \u2013 the findings of which will be available in 2019. If the trial shows mouthwash is effective in preventing gonorrhoea, this finding could potentially be translated into a public health campaign to increase the mouthwash use in the MSM population. This article summarises the current evidence of the effectiveness of mouthwash against gonorrhoea and discusses the potential literature gaps before implementing the mouthwash intervention at a population level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh18237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T06:10:42Z","timestamp":1558073442000},"page":"433-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Translating mouthwash use for gonorrhoea prevention into a public health campaign: identifying current knowledge and research gaps"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-0657","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric P. 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Email: eric.chow@monash.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Maddaford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston Street, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Trumpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston Street, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."},{"name":"BCentral Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston Street, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."},{"name":"BCentral Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102419094008900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH18097","article-title":"Gonorrhoea gone wild: rising incidence of gonorrhoea and associated risk factors among gay and bisexual men attending Australian sexual health clinics.","author":"Callander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025102419094008900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053273","article-title":"100 years of STIs in the UK: a review of national surveillance data.","volume":"94","author":"Mohammed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102419094008900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30043-8","article-title":"Epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men at risk of HIV.","author":"Chow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"19","key":"2025102419094008900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1812269","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae \u2013 rising infection rates, dwindling treatment options.","volume":"379","author":"Blank","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102419094008900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3528-4","article-title":"Stably high azithromycin resistance and decreasing ceftriaxone susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 25 European countries, 2016.","volume":"18","author":"Day","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025102419094008900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30340-2","article-title":"Genetic characterisation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to both ceftriaxone and azithromycin.","volume":"18","author":"Whiley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025102419094008900_R7","unstructured":"Public Health England. 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