{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:06:46Z","timestamp":1771027606319,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2044,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to examine associations between life stress and incarceration history in relation to sexual health risk practices among a sample of cisgender Black gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Deep South. Methods: Using data from a sample of 355 cisgender Black MSM in Mississippi and Georgia, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between life stress and sexual risk practices. In addition, we assessed whether stress may interact with experiences of incarceration to influence sexual health risk practices. Results: After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, stress was associated with some sexual risk practices (e.g. alcohol and drug use during sex and group sex). Further, when an interaction with incarceration was assessed, among participants who had been incarcerated, high compared with low levels of stress were associated with alcohol use during sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.11\u20139.99, P &amp;lt; 0.001), drug use during sex (aOR 3.92, 95% CI 1.79\u20138.60, P &amp;lt; 0.001), condomless sex with casual partners (aOR 2.83, 95% CI 1.31\u20136.12, P &amp;lt; 0.001), having six or more casual partners (aOR 2.77, 95% CI 1.09\u20137.06, P = 0.02) and participating in group sex (aOR 5.67, 95% CI 2.07\u201315.51, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Stress and incarceration produced a dose\u2013response effect for each association; similar associations with stress were not observed among men who had not been incarcerated. Conclusions: Among people with experiences of incarceration, there are several possible ways our findings could be applied practically, including through safer sex and stress management interventions designed specifically for Black MSM following their release.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh19062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T17:33:38Z","timestamp":1579800818000},"page":"38-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Intersectional analysis of life stress, incarceration and sexual health risk practices among cisgender Black gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the Deep South of the US: the MARI Study"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dustin T.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA."},{"name":"GPresent address: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA."},{"name":"HCorresponding author. Email: dd3018@columbia.edu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denton","family":"Callander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bowleg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Psychology, Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Brinkley-Rubinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDepartment of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Theall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDepartment of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University of School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DeMarc A.","family":"Hickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECenter for Research, Evaluation and Environmental and Policy Change, My Brother\u2019s Keeper Inc., Jackson, MS 39211, USA."},{"name":"FUs Helping Us, People Into Living, Washington, DC 20010, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102617165135000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141","article-title":"Stress and health: psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants.","volume":"1","author":"Schneiderman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2014.951369","article-title":"The association between stress, coping, and sexual risk behaviors over 24 months among African\u2013American female adolescents.","volume":"20","author":"Hulland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000087","article-title":"Racial disparities in health: how much does stress really matter?","volume":"8","author":"Sternthal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Du Bois Rev"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","article-title":"Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence.","volume":"129","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lifetime risk of HIV diagnosis \u2013 press release: Half of black gay men and a quarter of Latino gay men projected to be diagnosed within their lifetime. 2016. Available online at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/newsroom\/2016\/croi-press-release-risk.html [verified 1 May 2019]."},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9820-y","article-title":"HIV prevalence rates among men who have sex with men in the Southern United States: population-based estimates by race\/ethnicity.","volume":"15","author":"Lieb","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.824535","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS in the Southern USA: a disproportionate epidemic.","volume":"26","author":"Reif","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090514","article-title":"Understanding racial HIV\/STI disparities in black and white men who have sex with men: a multilevel approach.","volume":"9","author":"Sullivan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000223249.04456.76","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in the Southern United States: an overview.","volume":"33","author":"Aral","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000434953.65620.3d","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between incarceration and HIV among black men who have sex with men in the United States.","volume":"65","author":"Brewer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R11"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418816449","article-title":"Behavioral characteristics and their association with syphilis seroprevalence among a cohort of young Black men who have sex with men.","volume":"30","author":"Watson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2011.639902","article-title":"Sentencing risk: history of incarceration and HIV\/STD transmission risk behaviours among Black men who have sex with men in Massachusetts.","volume":"14","author":"Bland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301786","article-title":"The high prevalence of incarceration history among Black men who have sex with men in the United States: associations and implications.","volume":"104","author":"Brewer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2017.04.001","article-title":"At the intersection of criminal justice involvement and sexual orientation: dynamic networks and health among a population-based sample of young Black men who have sex with men.","volume":"51","author":"Schneider","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Networks"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2194-7899-1-3","article-title":"Incarceration as a catalyst for worsening health.","volume":"1","author":"Brinkley-Rubinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health & Justice"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-012-0152-4","article-title":"\u2018Once you\u2019ve blended the cake, you can\u2019t take the parts back to the main ingredients\u2019: Black gay and bisexual men\u2019s descriptions and experiences of intersectionality.","volume":"68","author":"Bowleg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300750","article-title":"The problem with the phrase women and minorities: intersectionality \u2013 an important theoretical framework for public health.","volume":"102","author":"Bowleg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2017.1295300","article-title":"Intersectional epistemologies of ignorance: how behavioral and social science research shapes what we know, think we know, and don\u2019t know about U.S. Black men\u2019s sexualities.","volume":"54","author":"Bowleg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.03.022","article-title":"Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: challenges and the potential to advance health equity.","volume":"110","author":"Bauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-008-9400-z","article-title":"When Black + lesbian + woman \u2260 Black lesbian woman: the methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research.","volume":"59","author":"Bowleg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143823","article-title":"Rationale, design and methods of the ecological study of sexual behaviors and HIV\/STI among African American men who have sex with men in the Southeastern United States (the MARI Study).","volume":"10","author":"Hickson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2018.0039","article-title":"The social and sexual networks of Black transgender women and Black men who have sex with men: results from a representative sample.","volume":"3","author":"Ezell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2016.0003","article-title":"A comparison of HIV-related risk factors between Black transgender women and Black men who have sex with men.","volume":"1","author":"Siembida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(67)90010-4","article-title":"The social readjustment rating scale.","volume":"11","author":"Holmes","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/0097840X.1975.9939546","article-title":"Some problems in the measurement of stress and social readjustment.","volume":"1","author":"Mechanic","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Human Stress"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1881-8","article-title":"The associations of resilience and HIV risk behaviors among Black gay, bisexual, other men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Deep South: the MARI Study.","volume":"22","author":"McNair","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1224303","article-title":"The relationship between life stressors and drug and sexual behaviors among a population-based sample of young Black men who have sex with men in Chicago.","volume":"29","author":"Voisin","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1153596","article-title":"Psychological distress, drug use, sexual risks and medication adherence among young HIV-positive Black men who have sex with men: exposure to community violence matters.","volume":"28","author":"Quinn","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2014.0139","article-title":"Health outcomes and retention in care following release from prison for patients of an urban post-incarceration transitions clinic.","volume":"25","author":"Fox","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa064115","article-title":"Release from prison \u2013 a high risk of death for former inmates.","volume":"356","author":"Binswanger","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9990-2","article-title":"HIV risk behaviors of male and female jail inmates prior to incarceration and one year post-release.","volume":"17","author":"Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3590-z","article-title":"Condom use and incarceration among STI clinic attendees in the Deep South.","volume":"16","author":"Brinkley-Rubinstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1499861","article-title":"Past year and prior incarceration and HIV transmission risk among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in the US.","volume":"31","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R35","unstructured":"Western B, Sirois C. Racial inequality in employment and earnings after incarceration. 2017. Available online at: https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/files\/brucewestern\/files\/racial_inequality_in_employment_and_earnings_after_incarceration.pdf [verified 2 December 2019]."},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3260","article-title":"Sex and racial\/ethnic differences in positive outcomes in delinquent youth after detention: a 12-year longitudinal study.","volume":"171","author":"Abram","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2307\/3088944","article-title":"The impact of incarceration on wage mobility and inequality.","volume":"67","author":"Western","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042617696917","article-title":"Associations between methamphetamine use, housing status, and incarceration rates among men who have sex with men and transgender women.","volume":"47","author":"Anderson-Carpenter","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Drug Issues"},{"key":"2025102617165135000_R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.12.037","article-title":"More than culture: structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health.","volume":"75","author":"Viruell-Fuentes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/17\/1\/38\/1255820\/sh19062.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/17\/1\/38\/1255820\/sh19062.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:17:00Z","timestamp":1761513420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/17\/1\/38\/185072\/Intersectional-analysis-of-life-stress"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh19062","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]}}}