{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:16:16Z","timestamp":1763018176808,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]],"date-time":"2025-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1997,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous guidelines at the Sydney Sexual Health Centre (SSHC) recommended empirical antibiotic treatment for asymptomatic contacts of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at the time of testing. With increasing concerns around gonorrhoea antibiotic resistance, it has been suggested that asymptomatic contacts should only be treated based on test results. Methods: This retrospective study of data from the SSHC electronic medical record included a total of 295 gonorrhoea contacts from 1 January 2018 to 30 June 2018. The primary outcome was the proportion of asymptomatic gonorrhoea contacts with a positive gonorrhoea result from any anatomical site. Statistically significant differences in gonorrhoea positivity according to gender, sexual preference, use of PrEP, sex worker status, country of birth, preferred language and number of partners, were calculated using Fisher\u2019s exact test. Results: The overall proportion of asymptomatic gonorrhoea contacts with a positive gonorrhoea result was 27.1% (95% CI: 22.1\u201332.6%). The proportion of gonorrhoea positivity was significantly higher in females compared to males (52.0% vs 25.7%, P &amp;lt; 0.01), gay and bisexual men compared to heterosexual men (28.7% vs 0%, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and non-users of PrEP compared to PrEP users (31.2% vs 12.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). No statistically significant differences in gonorrhoea positivity were found in subgroups divided by sex worker status, country of birth, preferred language and number of partners. Conclusion: The relatively low gonorrhoea positivity rate (27.1%) in asymptomatic gonorrhoea contacts at the SSHC between January and June 2018 supports guideline changes to no longer provide empirical antibiotic treatment to asymptomatic contacts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh19091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T18:11:55Z","timestamp":1582827115000},"page":"187-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Neisseria gonorrhoeae positivity in clients presenting as asymptomatic contacts of gonorrhoea at a sexual health centre"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sue","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia."},{"name":"ECorresponding author. Email: sqia1520@uni.sydney.edu.au"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosalind","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSydney Sexual Health Centre, PO Box 1614, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia."},{"name":"CKirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSydney Sexual Health Centre, PO Box 1614, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia."},{"name":"CKirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8071-8685","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tobias","family":"Vickers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSydney Sexual Health Centre, PO Box 1614, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia."},{"name":"CKirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruthy","family":"McIver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSydney Sexual Health Centre, PO Box 1614, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"McNulty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSydney Sexual Health Centre, PO Box 1614, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia."},{"name":"DSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102615481341000_R1","unstructured":"Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM). Australasian contact tracing guidelines: gonorrhoea. Sydney: ASHM; 2016. Available online at: http:\/\/contacttracing.ashm.org.au\/conditions\/when-contact-tracing-is-recommended\/gonorrhoea [verified 6 December 2018]."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102615481341000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001598","article-title":"Molecular diagnostics for gonorrhoea: implications for antimicrobial resistance and the threat of untreatable gonorrhoea.","volume":"11","author":"Low","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025102615481341000_R3","unstructured":"HealthStats NSW. Gonorrhoea notifications. Sydney: NSW Ministry of Health; 2016. Available online at: http:\/\/www.healthstats.nsw.gov.au\/Indicator\/com_gononot [verified 6 December 2018]."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102615481341000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053159","article-title":"Impact of point-of-care management on the transmission of anogenital gonococcal infections among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam: a mathematical modelling and cost-effectiveness study.","volume":"94","author":"Bartelsman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102615481341000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.196884","article-title":"Treatment outcomes and loss to follow-up rate of male patients with gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis who attended the sexually transmitted disease clinic: an 8-year retrospective study.","volume":"38","author":"Leeyaphan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025102615481341000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016864","article-title":"The magnitude of, and factors associated with, loss to follow-up among patients treated for sexually transmitted infections: a multilevel analysis.","volume":"7","author":"Tsadik","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025102615481341000_R7","unstructured":"Bignell C, Unemo M. 2012 European guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults: gonococcal infections. Copenhagen: Statens Serum Institut; 2012. Available online at: https:\/\/www.iusti.org\/regions\/Europe\/pdf\/2012\/Gonorrhoea_2012.pdf [verified 6 December 2018]."},{"key":"2025102615481341000_R8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; 2015. Available online at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/tg2015\/gonorrhea.htm [verified 6 December 2018]."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102615481341000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/323082","article-title":"The laboratory diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.","volume":"16","author":"Ng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2025102615481341000_R10"},{"key":"2025102615481341000_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1971-3","article-title":"High prevalence of rectal gonorrhoea among men reporting contact with men with gonorrhoea: implications for epidemiological treatment.","volume":"15","author":"Dutt","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025102615481341000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418799181","article-title":"Empiric antimicrobial treatment for asymptomatic sexual contacts of sexually transmitted infection in the era of antimicrobial resistance: time to rethink?","volume":"30","author":"Pearce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102615481341000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06215.x","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: origin, evolution, and lessons learned for the future.","volume":"1230","author":"Unemo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025102615481341000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70143-9","article-title":"Decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins among gonococci: data from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) in England and Wales.","volume":"13","author":"Ison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025102615481341000_R15","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Antibiotic-resistant gonorrhoea on the rise, new drugs needed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Available online at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/07-07-2017-antibiotic-resistant-gonorrhoea-on-the-rise-new-drugs-needed [verified 6 December 2018]."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102615481341000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.100397","article-title":"Ceftriaxone-resistant Neisserisa gonorrhoeae, Japan.","volume":"17","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025102615481341000_R17","first-page":"1","article-title":"UK case of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with high-level resistance to azithromycin and resistance to ceftriaxone acquired abroad.","volume":"12","author":"Public Health England.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Protection Report"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025102615481341000_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30340-2","article-title":"Genetic characterisation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to both ceftriazone and azithromycin.","volume":"18","author":"Whiley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"2025102615481341000_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001185","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection and new sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men.","volume":"30","author":"Kojima","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025102615481341000_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417736431","article-title":"Rapid testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections improve patient care and yield public health benefits.","volume":"29","author":"Whitlock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025102615481341000_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100518","article-title":"Point-of-care testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea: implications for clinical practice.","volume":"9","author":"Natoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102615481341000_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000187908.42622.fd","article-title":"Condom use and risk of gonorrhea and chlamydia: a systematic review of design and measurement factors assessed in epidemiologic studies.","volume":"33","author":"Warner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102615481341000_R23","unstructured":"Fifer H, Saunders J, Soni S, Sadiq ST, Fitzgerald M. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline for the management of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Cheshire: British Association for Sexual Health and HIV; 2019. 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