{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:37:56Z","timestamp":1761514676372,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]],"date-time":"2025-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1738,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhoea) in sexual contacts of gonorrhoea has not been established, but limited data suggest that the majority of contacts are not infected. Contacts of gonorrhoea who receive empirical treatment at the point of testing may receive unnecessary antimicrobial treatment for an infection that is known to have multidrug resistance. This study evaluated patient acceptability of non-empirical treatment.? Methods: We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey of patients attending sexual health centres in New South Wales, Australia, on the acceptability of empirical and non-empirical treatment models and patients\u2019 concerns about antimicrobial resistance. Results: Most of the 823 survey participants were willing to wait for treatment until their results were reported; 77% and 53% would agree to wait for treatment if results were available in 2 and 7 days respectively. Participants were less likely to agree to non-empirical treatment if they lived in regional and remote areas compared with those in a major city (odds ratio (OR) 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35\u20130.73). Most participants (70%) were worried about infections becoming resistant to antibiotics, with heterosexual men and women being less likely than gay and bisexual men to be worried (heterosexual men: OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44\u20130.94; women: OR 0.64 95%, CI 0.44\u20130.92). Conclusions: Non-empirical treatment was acceptable to most participants, but patient preference, ability to return for treatment and timeliness of results are factors that should inform individual treatment decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh20072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T23:03:01Z","timestamp":1605222181000},"page":"462-466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Empirical treatment of asymptomatic contacts of gonorrhoea: patient views"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5672-3262","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruthy","family":"McIver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Sexual Health Centre, Nightingale Wing, Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia."},{"name":"DCorresponding author. Email: ruthy.mciver@health.nsw.gov.au"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheina","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Sexual Health Centre, Nightingale Wing, Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia."},{"name":"CThe Kirby Institute, UNSW, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Vickers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Sexual Health Centre, Nightingale Wing, Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia."},{"name":"CThe Kirby Institute, UNSW, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"McNulty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Sexual Health Centre, Nightingale Wing, Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia."},{"name":"BSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102615490849400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st century: past, evolution, and future.","volume":"27","author":"Unemo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R2","unstructured":"New South Wales Government. NSW HIV Strategy 2016\u20132020: Quarter 1 2019, data report. 2019. Available online at: https:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/endinghiv\/Publications\/q1-2019-nsw-hiv-data-report.pdf [verified 22 April 2020]."},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1512757","article-title":"Failure of dual antimicrobial therapy in treatment of gonorrhea.","volume":"374","author":"Fifer","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2011.011267","article-title":"UK national guideline for the management of gonorrhoea in adults, 2011.","volume":"22","author":"Bignell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R5","unstructured":"Australasian Sexual Health Alliance. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: gonorrhoea. 2018. Available online at: http:\/\/www.sti.guidelines.org.au\/sexually-transmissible-infections\/gonorrhoea#management [verified 22 April 2020]."},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R6","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 2012. Available online at: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/44863\/9789241503501_eng.pdf;jsessionid=80E6D448DCB6824C7FED753AFA182D26?sequence=1 [verified 22 April 2020]."},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R7","unstructured":"Wright S, McNulty A. Test positivity in asymptomatic men who have sex with men who present as contacts of gonorrhoea \u2013 should we change practice? Poster session presented at the Australasian Sexual Health Conference, 14\u201316 November 2016, Adelaide, SA, Australia. 2016. Available online at: https:\/\/www.eiseverywhere.com\/file_uploads\/fbf10d3be620dcf5d99f031e5bce5501_SimonWright395.pdf [verified 22 April 2020]."},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1971-3","article-title":"High prevalence of rectal gonorrhoea among men reporting contact with men with gonorrhoea: implications for epidemiological treatment.","volume":"15","author":"Dutt","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418787611","article-title":"Is it time to reconsider epidemiological treatment for gonorrhoea?","volume":"29","author":"Mensforth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417721062","article-title":"Auditing the use and assessing the clinical utility of microscopy as a point-of-care test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a sexual health clinic.","volume":"29","author":"Mensforth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414551233","article-title":"The performance and clinical utility of cervical microscopy for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women in the era of the NAAT.","volume":"26","author":"Thorley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R12","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). WHO guidelines for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 2016. Available online at: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/246114\/9789241549691-eng.pdf [verified 22 April 2020]."},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R13","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015 Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines: gonococcal infections. 2015. Available online at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/tg2015\/gonorrhea.htm [verified 22 April 2020]."},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9496-0_3","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and treatment of gonorrhea.","volume":"1997","author":"Unemo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19165","article-title":"Provider attitudes to the empiric treatment of asymptomatic contacts of gonorrhoea.","volume":"17","author":"Low","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102615490849400_R16","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): remoteness structure. n.d. 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