{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:47:39Z","timestamp":1765295259050,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1347,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biobehavioural data on transgender women (TGW) are limited globally. Methods: We used data collected as part of the 2017\u201318 National Integrated HIV Biobehavioural Survey, which included 254 TGW in Colombo and 252 in Jaffna, for structured questionnaire interviews and biological testing. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to explore factors associated with condom use. Results: We found low HIV prevalence in Colombo (0.6%) and no HIV infections in Jaffna. TGW in Colombo had higher positivity on the Treponema pallidum-particle agglutination test (2.5%) compared with TGW in Jaffna (0.4%). We found no hepatitis B infections. In both cities, &amp;lt;25% of TGW have comprehensive knowledge about HIV prevention. In Colombo 54.4%, but only 21.4% of TGW in Jaffna, have ever been tested for HIV. Drug-injecting behaviours are uncommon in both cities (prevalence &amp;lt;1%), whereas 7.4% reported sharing equipment for injecting feminising hormones in Colombo. Greater proportions of TGW in Colombo compared with Jaffna used condom at last sex (82.3% vs 37.7%). Multivariable analysis showed lower odds of condom use at last sex in TGW aged &amp;gt;30 years and those who did not test for HIV in the past 12 months in Colombo, and for TGW with higher income in Jaffna, TGW not visiting outdoor sites to find partners, and TGW who sold sex. Conclusions: Current burden of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B among TGW in Sri Lanka is low. Although risk behavioural patterns vary between the cities, a substantial sexually transmitted infection vulnerability is a common denominator, calling for strengthening of the capacity to respond to specific TGW needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh21061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:50:16Z","timestamp":1630025416000},"page":"311-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B prevalence, related risk behaviours and correlates of condom use among transgender women in two cities in Sri Lanka: findings from respondent-driven sampling surveys"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0518-3921","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jelena","family":"Barbaric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for HIV Strategic Information, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia."},{"name":"CCorresponding author. Email: jelena.barbarich@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Bozicevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for HIV Strategic Information, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9514-9227","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ariyaratne","family":"Manathunge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNational STD\/AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chathrini","family":"Gajaweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNational STD\/AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sriyakanthi","family":"Beneragama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNational STD\/AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102419114738000_R1"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R2"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R3"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70315-8","article-title":"Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"13","author":"Baral","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R5","article-title":"Stigma and discrimination related to gender identity and vulnerability to HIV\/AIDS among transgender women: a systematic review.","volume":"35","author":"Magno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02867-5","article-title":"HIV prevalence and factors related to HIV infection among transgender women in Vietnam: a respondent driven sampling approach.","volume":"24","author":"Vi","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-017-0122-6","article-title":"HIV prevalence, risky behaviors, and discrimination experiences among transgender women in Cambodia: descriptive findings from a national integrated biological and behavioral survey.","volume":"17","author":"Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25417","article-title":"High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among transgender women in China: a cross-sectional survey.","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227689","article-title":"Estimating the population size of female sex workers and transgender women in Sri Lanka.","volume":"15","author":"Bozicevic","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R10"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2307\/3096941","article-title":"Respondent-driven sampling: a new approach to the study of hidden populations.","volume":"44","author":"Heckathorn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc Probl"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.2002.49.1.11","article-title":"Respondent-driven sampling II: deriving valid population estimates from chain-referral samples of hidden populations.","volume":"49","author":"Heckathorn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Probl"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9421-1","article-title":"Using respondent-driven sampling methodology for HIV biological and behavioral surveillance in international settings: a systematic review.","volume":"12","author":"Malekinejad","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.04.002","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for respondent-driven sampling studies: \u2018STROBE-RDS\u2019 statement.","volume":"68","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R15"},{"key":"2025102419114738000_R16","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 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