{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:26:27Z","timestamp":1791203187829,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1075,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social network approaches to testing allow individuals (indexes) to distribute tests to social networks (alters). This quasi-experimental study compared two social network-based testing strategies in promoting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among Chinese gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GBMSM aged \u226518\u00a0years were recruited from Guangzhou, China. From May to September 2019, indexes could distribute blood-based HIV\/syphilis dual self-testing kits to people within their social network. Indexes recruited from October 2019 to January 2020 could send HIV testing cards to their social networks for free facility-based tests. Alters were encouraged to upload a photo verification of test results. Indexes and alters received incentives during both periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 245 participants who were assessed for eligibility and 208\/245 (84.9%) were eligible. 106 and 102 indexes were recruited in the secondary distribution and testing card arms respectively. 154\/208 (74.0%) completed follow up at 1 month. 92 indexes in the secondary distribution arm self-reported distributions to 179 unique alters, and 62 in the testing card arm to 26 unique alters. An average of 1.95 (standard deviation [s.d.]\u00a0=\u00a01.90) HIV\/syphilis dual self-tests and 0.42 (s.d.\u00a0=\u00a00.78) HIV testing cards were distributed, generating a risk difference of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 1.96). Indexes self-identifying as gay (P\u00a0=\u00a00.007) or having previously tested (P\u00a0=\u00a00.02) distributed more tests. Secondary distribution cost less per alter tested (USD120 vs USD9408).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary distribution engaged more GBMSM to distribute tests and reached more GBMSM to test compared to referral cards, suggesting advantage in facilitating testing uptake among Chinese GBMSM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh21176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T22:18:04Z","timestamp":1653517084000},"page":"357-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparing the effectiveness of secondary distribution of HIV\/syphilis dual self-testing to testing card referral in promoting HIV testing among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Guangzhou, China: a quasi-experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2946-7483","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongjie","family":"Sha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AUniversity of North Carolina Project \u2013 China, 7 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUniversity of North Carolina Project \u2013 China, 7 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-7403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason J.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"CCentral Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUniversity of North Carolina Project \u2013 China, 7 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUniversity of North Carolina Project \u2013 China, 7 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUniversity of North Carolina Project \u2013 China, 7 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUniversity of North Carolina Project \u2013 China, 7 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUniversity of North Carolina Project \u2013 China, 7 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China."},{"name":"BFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"DInstitute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AUniversity of North Carolina Project \u2013 China, 7 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China."},{"name":"DInstitute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2025102419123154200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00471-4","article-title":"History of the HIV Epidemic in China.","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102419123154200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4559-1","article-title":"The prevalence of HIV among MSM in China: a large-scale systematic analysis.","volume":"19","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025102419123154200_R3","unstructured":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China. 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