{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:55:46Z","timestamp":1761519346600,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1114,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During 2020, the State of Victoria (Australia) experienced two COVID-19 waves. Both resulted in community lockdowns followed by eased restrictions. We examined variation of sexual behaviour in Victorians over time during COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a repeated online survey at four timepoints corresponding with two lockdown (LD1, LD2) and two reduced restriction (RR1, RR2) periods in Victoria. A convenience sample of participants aged \u226518\u00a0years was recruited via social media and asked about their recent (past 4\u00a0weeks) sexual behaviour. Using multivariable logistic regression, we investigated variation in sexual behaviour between surveys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1828 surveys were completed; 72% identified as female, 69% were aged 18\u201329\u00a0years, 90% were metropolitan residents. The proportion reporting recent partnered sex ranged from 54.9% (LD2) to 70.2% (RR1). Across all timepoints, the most common sexual partners were regular (81.5%, n\u00a0=\u00a0842) and 10.8% (n\u00a0=\u00a0111) reported casual partners (e.g. hook-ups). Compared with LD1, respondents were &amp;gt;2-fold more likely to report casual partner(s) during reduced restrictions (RR1: aOR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1\u20133.7; RR2: aOR 2.8; 95% CI 1.3\u20135.9). Across all timepoints, 26.6% (n\u00a0=\u00a0486) reported using dating apps. Compared with LD1, dating app use for face-to-face activities (e.g. dates, hook-ups) was &amp;gt;4-fold higher during reduced restrictions (RR1: aOR 4.3; 95% CI 2.3\u20138.0; RR2: aOR 4.1; 95% CI 1.9\u20138.8). App use for distanced activities (e.g. sexting, virtual dates) was highest during LD1 (48.8%) than other periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this convenience sample, self-reported sexual behaviours fluctuated between lockdowns and reduced restrictions. While dating apps may provide a mechanism for virtual connections, this may be temporary until physical connections are possible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh21235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T01:28:25Z","timestamp":1651195705000},"page":"92-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sexual behaviour during COVID-19: a repeated cross-sectional survey in Victoria, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5580-360X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jane L.","family":"Goller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5768-3223","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helen","family":"Bittleston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9349-3080","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabian Yuh Shiong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0617-2690","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louise","family":"Bourchier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrietta","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."},{"name":"BMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Malta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."},{"name":"CNational Ageing Research Institute Inc., Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaina","family":"Vaisey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5240-8468","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9329-8501","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jane S.","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9520-5724","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Coombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102419125923100_R1","unstructured":"National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Number of notifications of COVID-19, received from State and Territory health authorities by month in 2020. Australian Government, Department of Health; 2021. Available at http:\/\/www9.health.gov.au\/cda\/source\/rpt_5_sel.cfm"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R2","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health. Coronavirus (COVID-19) at a glance infographic \u2013 5 April 2020. Australian Government Department of Health; 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2020\/04\/coronavirus-covid-19-at-a-glance-5-april-2020_0.pdf"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R3"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R4"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R5","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health. Coronavirus (COVID-19) at a glance infographic \u2013 31 July 2020. Australian Government Department of Health; 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2020\/08\/coronavirus-covid-19-at-a-glance-31-july-2020.pdf"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R6","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health. Coronavirus (COVID-19) at a glance infographic \u2013 1 August 2020. Australian Government Department of Health; 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2020\/08\/coronavirus-covid-19-at-a-glance-1-august-2020.pdf"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R7","unstructured":"Prime Minister of Australia. Media statement 24 March: update on coronavirus measures. 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.pm.gov.au\/media\/update-coronavirus-measures-24-March-2020"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R8","unstructured":"Prime Minister of Australia. Media statement 29 March: update on coronavirus measures. 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.pm.gov.au\/media\/national-cabinet-statement"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R9","unstructured":"Rocca P. Coronavirus restrictions ease in parts of Australia as Deputy Chief Medical Officer urges people to remain vigilant. ABC News, 16 May 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2020-05-16\/coronavirus-restrictions-ease-australia-covid-19\/12255912"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R10"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R11","unstructured":"Hurst D, Taylor J. Victoria announces stage four coronavirus lockdown restrictions including overnight curfew. The Guardian, 2 August 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2020\/aug\/02\/victoria-premier-daniel-andrews-stage-four-coronavirus-lockdown-restrictions-melbourne-covid-19"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R12","unstructured":"Truu M. Melbourne to stay under Stage 4 lockdown until end of September as coronavirus roadmap revealed. SBS News, 6 September 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.sbs.com.au\/news\/melbourne-to-stay-under-stage-4-lockdown-until-end-of-september-as-coronavirus-roadmap-revealed"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054688","article-title":"Love during lockdown: findings from an online survey examining the impact of COVID-19 on the sexual health of people living in Australia.","volume":"97","author":"Coombe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Trans Infect"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R14"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025102419125923100_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1071\/SH14117","article-title":"Sexual identity, sexual attraction and sexual experience: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships.","volume":"11","author":"Richters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R16","unstructured":"Grills N, Butcher N. Better engaging culturally diverse communities during COVID-19. Pursuit, 4 September 2020. Available at https:\/\/pursuit.unimelb.edu.au\/articles\/better-engaging-culturally-diverse-communities-during-covid-19"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102419125923100_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002462","article-title":"Physical distancing due to COVID-19 disrupts sexual behaviors among gay and bisexual men in Australia: implications for trends in HIV and other sexually transmissible infections.","volume":"85","author":"Hammoud","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055210","article-title":"Impacts of COVID-19 on sexual behaviour in Britain: findings from a large, quasi-representative survey (Natsal-COVID).","author":"Mercer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025102419125923100_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20961","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on partner relationships and sexual and reproductive health: cross-sectional, online survey study.","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2025102419125923100_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/01490400.2020.1774016","article-title":"Less sex, but more sexual diversity: changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic.","volume":"43","author":"Lehmiller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102419125923100_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sexol.2020.12.013","article-title":"The disruptive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual behavior of a German-speaking population.","volume":"30","author":"Hille","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sexologies"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102419125923100_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa536","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infection diagnoses and access to a sexual health service before and after the national lockdown for COVID-19 in Melbourne, Australia.","volume":"8","author":"Chow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055013","article-title":"Accessing needed sexual health services during the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia, Canada: a survey of sexual health service clients.","author":"Gilbert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R24","unstructured":"Spargo-Ryan A. I\u2019m all for the Melbourne lockdown, but it\u2019s got pretty tough, hasn\u2019t it? The Guardian, 9 September 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/sep\/09\/im-all-for-the-melbourne-lockdown-but-its-got-pretty-tough-hasnt-it"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R25"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R26"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R27"},{"key":"2025102419125923100_R28"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/19\/2\/92\/149902\/sh21235.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/19\/2\/92\/149902\/sh21235.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T23:13:05Z","timestamp":1761347585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/19\/2\/92\/21628\/Sexual-behaviour-during-COVID-19-a-repeated-cross"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh21235","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1448-5028"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1449-8987"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]]}}}