{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T21:04:56Z","timestamp":1762981496507,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1008,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis B is sexually transmitted among men who have sex with men (MSM) and has previously been endemic in some populations of MSM. Presence of anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) determines previous or ongoing infection. We aimed to establish the prevalence and associations of anti-HBc in our clinic population of MSM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study of newly attending MSM to determine the prevalence and associations of testing positive for anti-HBc using our clinic database from 2012 to 2019. We used crude odds ratios to identify any associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 3342\/5842 (58%) newly attending MSM who were tested for anti-HBc between 2012 and 2019. Of the 3342 MSM tested for anti-HBc, the median age was 30\u00a0years (interquartile range 23\u201343), 442 (13%) were living with HIV, 10 (0.3%) were HBsAg positive, 62 (1.9%) had past\/current hepatitis C, 401 (12%) had a positive syphilis enzyme immunoassay (EIA), 455 (14%) were diagnosed with either gonorrhoea or chlamydia and 1080 (32%) were non-UK born. A total of 331 (10%, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a08.9\u201311.0) tested positive for anti-HBc and the proportion testing positive reduced significantly throughout the study period (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.004). Testing positive for anti-HBc was associated with age &amp;gt;30\u00a0years (OR\u00a0=\u00a08.2, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a05.9\u201311.4, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.0001), having past\/current hepatitis C (odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a05.0, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a03.0\u20138.6, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.0001), having a positive syphilis EIA (OR\u00a0=\u00a05.9, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a04.4\u20137.3, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.0001) and being non-UK born (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.4, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.1\u20131.8, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.006). There were no associations with HIV status or having a diagnosis of gonorrhoea or chlamydia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although reducing, the prevalence of anti-HBc remains endemic in MSM locally and further efforts are needed to enhance hepatitis B prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh22120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T19:53:46Z","timestamp":1668110026000},"page":"92-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of anti-hepatitis B core in men who have sex with men attending a sexual health clinic in Brighton, UK, from 2012 to 2019"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Gouda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, BN2 5BE, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, BN2 5BE, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, BN2 5BE, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0955-6307","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Sexual Health and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, BN2 5BE, UK."},{"name":"BBrighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025102615375528000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-014-0369-7","article-title":"Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.","volume":"204","author":"Busch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102615375528000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051131","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of hepatitis B immunity in MSM between 2002 and 2012.","volume":"90","author":"Gamagedara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025102615375528000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-181","article-title":"Infection with hepatitis B and C virus in Europe: a systematic review of prevalence and cost-effectiveness of 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