{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:02:21Z","timestamp":1789646541256,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":800,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21HA1003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21HA1003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on national surveillance data, we describe an unprecedented increase in syphilis case reports in Japan, with a surge in 2021\u20132022 reaching 10\u00a0141 cases in Week 42, 2022, a 1.7-fold increase over the same period in 2021. This already represented the highest annual case count in nearly half a century; by Week 52, 2022, the number reached 12\u00a0966, far surpassing the 7978 cases in 2021. Predominantly affecting heterosexual men and young women, the proportionate increase in primary and secondary syphilis cases suggests a true increase in incidence. The syphilis surge during the pandemic poses a serious public health concern and underscores the importance of adequate testing and preventive measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh23031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:52:33Z","timestamp":1686099153000},"page":"370-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Unprecedented increase in syphilis cases among heterosexual men and women in Japan, 2021\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1515-6238","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayu","family":"Kasamatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ACenter for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuri","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACenter for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8711-7636","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuzo","family":"Arima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACenter for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyako","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACenter for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Arashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACenter for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanae","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BField Epidemiology Training Program, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakiko","family":"Tabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BField Epidemiology Training Program, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9566-201X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takuya","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCenter for Field Epidemic Intelligence, Research and Professional Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACenter for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102615384941800_R1","unstructured":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Reporting criteria for syphilis. Infectious Agents Surveillance Report; 2015. Available at https:\/\/www.niid.go.jp\/niid\/images\/iasr\/36\/420\/de4201.pdf [cited 11 October 2022]."},{"key":"2025102615384941800_R2","unstructured":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Infectious disease weekly report week 42; 2022. Available at https:\/\/www.niid.go.jp\/niid\/ja\/syphilis-m-3\/syphilis-idwrc\/11612-idwrc-2242.html [cited 7 November 2022]."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102615384941800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01167","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01167-18","article-title":"Molecular typing and macrolide resistance analyses of Treponema pallidum in heterosexuals and men who have sex with men in Japan, 2017.","volume":"57","author":"Kanai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102615384941800_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000768","article-title":"Rapid increase in reports of syphilis associated with men who have sex with women and women who have sex with men, Japan, 2012 to 2016.","volume":"45","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025102615384941800_R5","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. Vital statistics. Available at https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/list\/81-1a.html [cited 7 April 2023]."},{"key":"2025102615384941800_R6","unstructured":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Notification trends among syphilis cases in Japan; 2022. Available at https:\/\/www.niid.go.jp\/niid\/ja\/syphilis-m\/syphilis-trend.html [cited 17 April 2023]."},{"key":"2025102615384941800_R7","unstructured":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Pregnant cases and female commercial sex worker cases among reported syphilis cases based on the national epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases system, 2019\u20132021; 2022. Available at https:\/\/www.niid.go.jp\/niid\/ja\/syphilis-m-3\/syphilis-idwrs\/11654-syphilis-20221130.html [cited 3 December 2022]."},{"key":"2025102615384941800_R8","unstructured":"Sudo K, Sano T, Kondo M, Imai M, Kato S, Imamura A. Health labour sciences research grant. Research report for improvement of HIV testing system and effective recommendation of HIV testing, survey on testing situation and accuracy of HIV mailed testing; 2021. Available at https:\/\/mhlw-grants.niph.go.jp\/system\/files\/report_pdf\/202120002A-buntan6.pdf [cited 21 November 2022]."}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/20\/4\/370\/693111\/sh23031.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/20\/4\/370\/693111\/sh23031.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:38:54Z","timestamp":1761507534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/20\/4\/370\/86547\/Unprecedented-increase-in-syphilis-cases-among"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Gaydos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh23031","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]}}}