{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T07:53:24Z","timestamp":1782892404130,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":553,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Misinformation, defined as a claim that is false or misleading, considers information that is both shared with the intention of causing harm, and information that is false with no ill intent. Early attempts to downplay the risk of monkeypox (mpox) by singling out men who have sex with men (MSM) may have had the ill effect of stigmatising this group in discussions online. The aim of this study was to evaluate themes present on Instagram related to the 2022 mpox outbreak under #monkeypox. Specifically, this study sought to determine if the pervasive narratives surrounding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly related to government mistrust and conspiracy, were penetrating discussions about mpox.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 255 posts under #monkeypox (the top 85 posts per day, every 10\u00a0days in July 2022) were collected on Instagram. A content analysis approach, which seeks to quantify themes present, was utilised to evaluate themes present in posts under #monkeypox.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contrary to previous research investigating public health misinformation online, the majority of posts under #monkeypox were categorised as accurate information (85.9%). Moreover, a surprising number of posts were classified as anti-misinformation (32.9%), whereby users actively worked to debunk false information being shared online related to mpox.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We hypothesise that early labelling of the disease as one that strictly affects online MSM communities has resulted in the digital community coming together to fact-check and debunk misinformation under #monkeypox on Instagram.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh23158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T18:34:25Z","timestamp":1706726065000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A qualitative review of social media sharing and the 2022 monkeypox outbreak: did early labelling help to curb misinformation or fuel the fire?"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1382-8953","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria E.","family":"Dalton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ALibin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada."},{"name":"BDepartment of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"name":"DDepartment of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-259X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emma","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"name":"DDepartment of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada."},{"name":"ECAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1056-1867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristian","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"name":"FDepartment of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada."},{"name":"GDepartment of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1202-5689","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheryl","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECAREX Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"name":"HBritish Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"name":"IBC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Community Health Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada."},{"name":"DDepartment of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDepartment of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada."},{"name":"JAlberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3932-2942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Rainham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KHealthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada."},{"name":"LSchool of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025102615331439600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17187","article-title":"Prevalence of health misinformation on social media: systematic review.","volume":"23","author":"Suarez-Lledo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2025102615331439600_R2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Infodemic. 2024. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/infodemic#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"2025102615331439600_R3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Monkeypox. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/monkeypox"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025102615331439600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0663","article-title":"The Instagram infodemic: cobranding of conspiracy theories, coronavirus disease 2019 and authority-questioning beliefs.","volume":"24","author":"Quinn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102615331439600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12394","article-title":"Pylons ablaze: examining the role of 5G COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and support for violence.","volume":"59","author":"Jolley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102615331439600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.3390\/encyclopedia1040091","article-title":"Misinformation about COVID-19: psychological insights.","volume":"1","author":"Anastasiades","year":"2021","journal-title":"Encyclopedia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102615331439600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0000873","article-title":"Words that hurt: leaders\u2019 anti-Asian communication and employee outcomes.","volume":"106","author":"Jun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102615331439600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/32452","article-title":"COVID-19 and vitamin D misinformation on YouTube: content analysis.","volume":"2","author":"Quinn","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Infodemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025102615331439600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732303013006003","article-title":"Writing the proposal for a qualitative research methodology project.","volume":"13","author":"Sandelowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"2025102615331439600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2020.1758193","article-title":"Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world.","volume":"23","author":"Dryhurst","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Risk Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102615331439600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17169\/fqs-20.3.3376","article-title":"Theme in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis.","volume":"20","author":"Vaismoradi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forum Qual Sozialforschung"},{"key":"2025102615331439600_R12","unstructured":"Chacon B. Trending Instagram Hashtags: 4 ways to get your post featured. LaterBlog. 2017. Available at https:\/\/later.com\/blog\/trending-instagram-hashtags\/ [cited 20 November 2021]"},{"key":"2025102615331439600_R13"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102615331439600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202050205","article-title":"The cognitive foundations of misinformation on science: What we know and what scientists can do about it.","volume":"21","author":"Marie","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"2025102615331439600_R15","unstructured":"Mathieu E, Spooner F, Dattani S, Ritchie H, Roser M. Mpox (monkeypox). 2022. Available at https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/monkeypox"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025102615331439600_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2017.1281339","article-title":"The social amplification of risk on Twitter: the case of ash dieback disease in the United Kingdom.","volume":"21","author":"Fellenor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Risk Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025102615331439600_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13228","article-title":"Rethinking social amplification of risk: social Media and Zika in three languages.","volume":"38","author":"Wirz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025102615331439600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10081633","article-title":"Human monkeypox: a comprehensive narrative review and analysis of the public health implications.","volume":"10","author":"Di Gennaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025102615331439600_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1748","article-title":"Monkeypox: avoiding the mistakes of past infectious disease epidemics.","volume":"175","author":"Daskalakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025102615331439600_R20","unstructured":"Jeung R, Nham K. Incidents of coronavirus-related discrimination. Available at https:\/\/www.asianpacificpolicyandplanningcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/STOP_AAPI_HATE_MONTHLY_REPORT_4_23_20.pdf"},{"key":"2025102615331439600_R21","unstructured":"Government of Canada. Mpox (monkeypox). 2023. Available at https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/diseases\/mpox.html"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025102615331439600_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102155","article-title":"Monkeypox: a comprehensive review.","volume":"14","author":"Harapan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/SH23158\/587759\/sh23158.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/SH23158\/587759\/sh23158.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:33:20Z","timestamp":1761507200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/21\/1\/SH23158\/82201\/A-qualitative-review-of-social-media-sharing-and"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Heather","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh23158","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"article-number":"SH23158"}}