{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:38:18Z","timestamp":1761507498362,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":406,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001554","name":"Massey University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RM21507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM21507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009477","name":"Lottery Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LHR-2020-129824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHR-2020-129824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009477","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gonorrhoea infections and antimicrobial resistance are rising in many countries, particularly among men who have sex with men, and an increasing proportion of infection is detected at extragenital sites. This study assessed trends in gonorrhoea diagnoses and antibiotic resistance at a sexual health service in New Zealand that followed national guidelines for specimen collection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Routinely-collected data from Canterbury Health Laboratories of specimens taken at the Christchurch Sexual Health Service 2012\u20132022 were audited. Descriptive results included the number of patient testing events positive for gonorrhoea per year and site of infection (extragenital\/urogenital). Annual test-positivity was calculated (number of positive patient testing events divided by total number of testing events) and the Cochran-Armitage Test for Trend was used to assess whether there was an association between test-positivity and year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 52,789 patient testing events, 1467 (2.8%) were positive for gonorrhoea (81% male). Half (49.3%) of people (57.9% of males, 12.2% of females) with a gonorrhoea infection had an extragenital infection in the absence of a urogenital infection. The number of extragenital infections increased at a faster rate than urogenital among males. Test-positivity increased from 1.3% in 2012 to 5.8% in 2022 (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). Antimicrobial resistance was identified in many isolates. Ciprofloxacin resistance was high, but there were no cases of ceftriaxone resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the importance of extragenital sampling and maintaining bacterial culture methods for accurate diagnosis and treatment. The observation that gonorrhoea positivity rate and antimicrobial resistance rates are rising in New Zealand calls for urgent action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh23182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T23:39:35Z","timestamp":1719445175000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Time trends in positive gonorrhoea diagnoses at the Christchurch Sexual Health Service (2012\u20132022): a data audit study"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1727-3745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hayley J.","family":"Denison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AResearch Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Creighton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCanterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Douwes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AResearch Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Coshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CChristchurch Sexual Health Services, Christchurch, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CChristchurch Sexual Health Services, Christchurch, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2025102615340408700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.169","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae host adaptation and pathogenesis.","volume":"16","author":"Quillin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025102615340408700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","article-title":"Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting.","volume":"10","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102615340408700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.08.010","article-title":"Gonorrhea: new challenges.","volume":"32","author":"Skerlev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025102615340408700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.285","article-title":"Male infertility: a public health issue caused by sexually transmitted pathogens.","volume":"11","author":"Gimenes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102615340408700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st century: past, evolution, and future.","volume":"27","author":"Unemo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025102615340408700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e627","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00171-3","article-title":"WHO global antimicrobial resistance surveillance for Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2017-18: a retrospective observational study.","volume":"2","author":"Unemo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025102615340408700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19023","article-title":"World Health Organization Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (WHO GASP): review of new data and evidence to inform international collaborative actions and research efforts.","volume":"16","author":"Unemo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102615340408700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","article-title":"Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis.","volume":"18","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025102615340408700_R9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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