{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:26:24Z","timestamp":1784906784451,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":444,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CRC-2021-96"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC-2021-96"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sexually diverse Muslim men (SDMM) are seen to present later and with more advanced symptoms of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The limited access to sexual healthcare services is attributed to the stigma associated with their multiple intersecting identities. We conducted a scoping review to synthesise research on barriers impeding SDMM\u2019s access to sexual health care. We used Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s five-stage framework as the methodology for the review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses\u2019 extension for scoping reviews, was used as a guide for the presentation of the results. Searches conducted in EBSCOhost, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, and Google Scholar yielded 1382 results, of which 18 studies were deemed eligible for this review. Bronfenbrenner\u2019s socioecological model was employed as a framework to analyse the studies. Through analysing the eligible studies, we identified factors operating at three different levels that can impede SDMM\u2019s access to sexual health care. Limited awareness and low-perceived risk of HIV\/STIs, coupled with the fear of sexual identity disclosure might act as individual-level barriers to sexually diverse Muslim men\u2019s access to sexual health care. The experiences of discrimination within clinical settings were presented as a healthcare system-related issue discouraging SDMM from revisiting those services. Heteronormative and religious ideologies, homophobic government programs, and poverty might manifest in the more intimate domains of healthcare delivery, creating hostile spaces for SDMM. Intensive research and advocacy efforts are required to improve SDMM\u2019s access to sexual health care, which can reduce their risk of HIV\/STIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh24022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,19]],"date-time":"2024-05-19T21:03:58Z","timestamp":1716152638000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Barriers to sexual health care for sexually diverse Muslim men: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7847-6637","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Naveed","family":"Noor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AInstitute for Global Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, R065 \u2013 771 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada."},{"name":"BCentre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souradet","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AInstitute for Global Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, R065 \u2013 771 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Linton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNeil John Maclean Health Sciences Library, University of Manitoba, Bannatyne Campus, 727 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Lorway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AInstitute for Global Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, R065 \u2013 771 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"2025111820241695800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168548","article-title":"Protective factors that foster resilience to HIV\/AIDS: insights and lived experiences of older gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.","volume":"18","author":"Liboro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025111820241695800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00221-7","article-title":"Prevalence of syphilis among men who have sex with men: a global systematic review and meta-analysis from 2000\u201320.","volume":"9","author":"Tsuboi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025111820241695800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19061","article-title":"Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: a global perspective.","volume":"16","author":"Kirkcaldy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025111820241695800_R4"},{"key":"2025111820241695800_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3579-6","article-title":"Gonorrhea and chlamydia prevalence in different anatomical sites among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China.","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111820241695800_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000739","article-title":"Scaling up preexposure prophylaxis to maximize HIV prevention impact.","volume":"17","author":"Grulich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"2025111820241695800_R7"},{"key":"2025111820241695800_R8"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111820241695800_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000416","article-title":"Pray the gay will stay? 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