{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:26:31Z","timestamp":1791203191384,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":180,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Project","award":["2024B03J0821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024B03J0821"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013068","name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Guangzhou Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2304900-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2304900-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004419","name":"CRDF Global","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G-20210467775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-20210467775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004419","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus self-testing (HIVST) has been globally recognized as a useful and reliable strategy to promote HIV testing, especially among marginalized populations. To improve the understanding of HIVST uptake of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in China, this study aims to qualitatively explore the HIVST uptake experiences among this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study employed photovoice methodology, theoretically built on documentary photography and critical consciousness, to explore the experiences of HIVST and secondary distribution among GBMSM in China. Participants created photos and citations, and shared and discussed them in the group. Three focus groups and one follow-up interview were held virtually for each participant who self-identified as gay or bisexual and used a self-test kit before.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This program recruited 22 participants from throughout China. The findings revealed that perceived discrimination based on sexual minority identity, and HIV-related stigma and fear affected participants\u2019 decision to take HIVST and to pass HIVST kits on to others. Participants utilized HIVST on a routine basis, citing sexual health concerns, psychological comfort and a responsibility to their significant others as reasons for doing so. HIVST kit distribution within intimacy, and the significant role of GBMSM-led community-based organizations were found as characteristics of interactions between participants and those who they passed HIVST kit(s) on to.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the study, images and narratives were acquired through empowering GBMSM, and promoting their community engagement to underline the necessity for measures and policies on promoting HIVST among this population. Findings also entailed the need to create a more inclusive society for sexual minorities and people living with HIV. Implications for promoting HIVST secondary distribution, and limitations and strengths of the pioneer photovoice study among GBMSM in China were also listed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh24116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T19:47:24Z","timestamp":1747856844000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Using photovoice to explore HIV self-testing and secondary distribution of HIV self-testing among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in China"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8558-8565","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qianyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"BUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"CDepartment of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"DDepartment of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xumeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"EDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9188-3368","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rayner Kay Jin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"FSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0415-5467","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GDepartment of Social Medicine and Health Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2804-1181","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"HDepartment of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"IDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-7403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason J.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HDepartment of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK."},{"name":"JCentral Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9026-707X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"BUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"2025111815465870000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001842","article-title":"Prevention and control of HIV\/AIDS in China: lessons from the past three decades.","volume":"134","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"2025111815465870000_R2","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS. 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