{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:29:14Z","timestamp":1787840954788,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex. Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background   Gonorrhoea notification rates in Australia have more than doubled between 2014 and 2019. We explored gonorrhoea testing patterns and management of gonorrhoea infection in general practice.     Methods   We analysed de-identified electronic medical record data for individuals who attended 73 Australian general practices (72 in the state of Victoria) between January 2018 and December 2020. The \u2018care cascade\u2019 model was utilised to explore gonorrhoea detection and management. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were used to investigate factors associated with gonorrhoea testing, treatment and retesting.     Results   During the study period, there were a total of 1,027,337 clinical episodes. Of these, 5.6% (n\u00a0=\u00a057,847, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.5\u20136.7) involved a gonorrhoea test and 1.1% (n\u00a0=\u00a0637, 95% CI 0.8\u20131.4) tested positive. Of the 637 gonorrhoea cases, 48.4% (n\u00a0=\u00a0308, 95% CI 29.8\u201367.0) had an Australian guideline-recommended dual antibiotic prescription (ceftriaxone and azithromycin) recorded. Of 329 cases without a dual antibiotic prescription, 84.2% (n\u00a0=\u00a0277, 95% CI 77.5\u201390.9) had reattended the clinic. Among the 206 gonorrhoea cases with dual antibiotic prescription recorded in 2018 and 2019, 32.0% (n\u00a0=\u00a066, 95% CI 25.3\u201338.8) were retested from 6\u00a0weeks to 6\u00a0months post-treatment. Of the 140 gonorrhoea cases that were not retested, 54.3% (n\u00a0=\u00a076, 95% CI 46.8\u201361.8) reattended the clinic within 6\u00a0months of treatment.     Conclusion   The low proportion of gonorrhoea cases prescribed recommended antibiotics and retested within recommended timeframes suggests opportunities for integrating Australian STI guidelines into primary care. Further exploration of care pathways is warranted to determine if care was provided but not recorded, provided elsewhere or not provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh24140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T22:52:31Z","timestamp":1738191151000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The gonorrhoea care cascade in general practice: a descriptive study to explore gonorrhoea management utilising electronic medical records"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1041-9588","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5580-360X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J. L.","family":"Goller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Chondros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-7403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Biezen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Capurro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Faux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Manski-Nankervis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"SH24140R1","unstructured":"King J, McManus H, Kwon A, . HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annual Surveillance report 2022. Sydney, Australia: The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney; 2022."},{"issue":"7","key":"SH24140R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053423","article-title":"Rates of pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy in Australia, 2009-2014: ecological analysis of hospital data.","volume":"94","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"SH24140R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix769","article-title":"Risk of pelvic inflammatory disease in relation to chlamydia and gonorrhea testing, repeat testing, and positivity: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"66","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"SH24140R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053801","article-title":"Population-level diagnosis and care cascade for chlamydia in Australia.","volume":"96","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"SH24140R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1071\/SH23096","article-title":"The chlamydia care cascade of young people attending Australian general practices; a descriptive study to assess gaps in care.","volume":"20","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"SH24140R6","unstructured":"Australian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM). Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care. 2024. Available at  [accessed December 2023]"},{"key":"SH24140R7","unstructured":"The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice. 9th edn, updated. East Melbourne: RACGP; 2018. pp. 61\u20135."},{"key":"SH24140R8","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. Patient experience in Australia: summary of findings. Canberra: ABS; 2020. Available at  [accessed December 2023]"},{"issue":"4","key":"SH24140R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19041912","article-title":"General practice statistics in Australia: pushing a round peg into a square hole.","volume":"19","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"SH24140R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00814.x","article-title":"Sex in Australia: sexually transmissible infection and blood-borne virus history in a representative sample of adults.","volume":"27","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"SH24140R11","unstructured":"The University of Melbourne. Data for decisions and the patron program of research. 2023. Available at  [accessed December 2023]"},{"issue":"14","key":"SH24140R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2947","article-title":"Association of HIV preexposure prophylaxis with incidence of sexually transmitted infections among individuals at high risk of HIV infection.","volume":"321","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"SH24140R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy182","article-title":"Effects of pre-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection on sexual risk behavior in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"SH24140R14","unstructured":"Australian Government, Department of Health and Aged Care. Modified monash model. 2024. Available at  [accessed December 2022]"},{"key":"SH24140R15","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2022. Available at"},{"issue":"8","key":"SH24140R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2003.12.013","article-title":"Patterns of intra-cluster correlation from primary care research to inform study design and analysis.","volume":"57","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"SH24140R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1071\/SH20208","article-title":"Challenges of providing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis across Australian clinics: qualitative insights of clinicians.","volume":"18","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"SH24140R18","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO). Guidelines for the treatment of . Geneva, Switzerland; 2016. pp. 10\u201311. 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Australian Digital Health Agency. My Health Record. 2024. Available at  [accessed December 2023]"},{"key":"SH24140R25","unstructured":"Australian Government. Australian Digital Health Agency. Statistics and insights. 2023. Available at  [accessed December 2023]"},{"issue":"1","key":"SH24140R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2635-y","article-title":"Retesting and repeat positivity following diagnosis of  and  in New Zealand: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"SH24140R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194351","article-title":"Test of cure, retesting and extragenital testing practices for  and  among general practitioners in different socioeconomic status areas: a retrospective cohort study, 2011\u20132016.","volume":"13","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.publish.csiro.au\/SH\/fulltext\/SH24140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T23:30:17Z","timestamp":1738193417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.publish.csiro.au\/SH\/SH24140"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Huachun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["SH24140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh24140","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]}}}