{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T16:22:56Z","timestamp":1777134176075,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Black and Latino communities are disproportionately affected by HIV, and are often underrepresented in sexual health research. It is crucial to understand their participation in research, and gauge the impact of non-response bias in reported results. A sequential multimodal approach to recruitment could potentially increase the response rates and representativeness of the sample by increasing the likelihood of response from the participants. However, data on the use of various recruitment approaches (i.e. low-barrier strategies) for engaging patients from urban Federally Qualified Health Centers in sexual health research are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed survey recruitment data among patients prescribed PrEP at Federally Qualified Health Centers serving largely black and Latino\/a communities to understand the impact of virtual recruitment. We used four sequential attempts over 6\u00a0months to recruit participants for an incentivized patient feedback survey on sexual health and PrEP services. We also examined demographic differences, including age, sexual identity, gender identity and race\/ethnicity, between responders and non-responders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited participants from January to June 2022. The overall response rate was 20.8% (54\/259). There was an incremental increase in responses based on the number of strategies used: 66.7% (36\/54) of participants were recruited by using one strategy (email only), 22.2% (12\/54) were recruited by using two strategies (email and phone calls) and 11.1% (6\/54) were recruited using three (email, phone calls and SMS) or four strategies (email, phone calls, SMS and an additional phone call). Responders had received a more recent PrEP prescription compared with non-responders; mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0s.d. months between the most recent PrEP prescription and the first recruitment attempt date of the study was 15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017\u00a0months for responders and 27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a024\u00a0months for non-responders. We observed no other significant differences in demographic characteristics between responders and non-responders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Response rates to an online sexual health survey among urban Federally Qualified Health Center patients were low using sequential multimodal virtual recruitment approaches, particularly among those without recent healthcare engagement. There were no demographic differences between responders and non-responders. Findings highlight the need for alternative innovative methods for research engagement and to reduce potential bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh24168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:30:08Z","timestamp":1761525008000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sexual health survey recruitment approaches among patients in community health centers"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1550-1580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Debjyoti","family":"Datta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADivision of General Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADivision of General Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9123-6082","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bryant N.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA."},{"name":"CPhD Program in Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP), Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarit A.","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA."},{"name":"CPhD Program in Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP), Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Beil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADivision of General Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5603-9823","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Viraj V.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADivision of General Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025111813040093500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/JNC.0000000000000266","article-title":"A state of the science on HIV prevention over 40 years among Black and Hispanic\/Latinx communities.","volume":"32","author":"Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025111813040093500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/jssam\/smae013","article-title":"Effects of a web\u2013mail mode on response rates and responses to a care experience survey: results of a randomized experiment.","volume":"12","author":"Tolpadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Surv Stat Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111813040093500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.4929","article-title":"Survey protocols, response rates, and representation of underserved patients: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"5","author":"Elliott","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025111813040093500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2022.09.004","article-title":"Ethnic minority representation in female sexual dysfunction questionnaire validation: a scoping review.","volume":"19","author":"Battle","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025111813040093500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/31657","article-title":"Comparing social media and in-person recruitment: lessons learned from recruiting substance-using, sexual and gender minority adolescents and young adults for a randomized control trial.","volume":"7","author":"Parker","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111813040093500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2022.100206","article-title":"Response rates of online surveys in published research: a meta-analysis.","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav Rep"},{"key":"2025111813040093500_R7","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration. Ending the HIV epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) initiative qualitative summary of progress: March 2020\u2013February 2021. HIV\/AIDS Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration; 2025. Available at https:\/\/ryanwhite.hrsa.gov\/data\/reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025111813040093500_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920904085","article-title":"Evaluation of algorithms used for PrEP surveillance using a reference population from New York City, July 2016\u2013June 2018.","volume":"135","author":"Furukawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025111813040093500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004078","article-title":"Global overview of response rates in patient and health care professional surveys in surgery: a systematic review.","volume":"275","author":"Meyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025111813040093500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/46793","article-title":"Delivery of WeChat-based HIV result e-reports in social networks for recruitment of high-risk population: baseline data from a cluster randomized controlled trial.","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111813040093500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvad030","article-title":"Solutions to address low response rates in online surveys.","volume":"22","author":"Shiyab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111813040093500_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16680","article-title":"Use of telephone and digital channels to engage socioeconomically disadvantaged adults in health disparities research within a social service setting: cross-sectional study.","volume":"22","author":"Alcaraz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025111813040093500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.08.007","article-title":"Repeated attempts using different strategies are important for timely contact with study participants.","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/SH24168\/1716722\/sh24168.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/SH24168\/1716722\/sh24168.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T18:04:09Z","timestamp":1763489049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/22\/6\/SH24168\/251852\/Sexual-health-survey-recruitment-approaches-among"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tiffany Renee","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh24168","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"article-number":"SH24168"}}