{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T12:28:55Z","timestamp":1792326535698,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Event-driven PrEP (ED-PrEP) is an established method of preventing HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis seeks to assess overall PrEP uptake and PrEP dosing regimen (daily or ED-PrEP) using survey data from the PrEP APPEAL study, an online cross-sectional survey of MSM across 15 countries in Asia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 15,012 cisgender MSM, 12,050 (80.3%) were aware of PrEP, 12,264 (81.7%) were not currently taking PrEP, 941 (6.3%) were taking ED-PrEP and 1742 (11.6%) were taking daily PrEP. Among current PrEP users (n\u00a0=\u00a02683), Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic (17\/23, 73.9%), Taiwan (252\/359, 70.2%) and Japan (105\/184, 57.1%) had the highest proportion of ED-PrEP users. Compared with ED-PrEP users, factors independently positively associated with non-PrEP users included identifying as bisexual and condomless vaginal sex, whereas factors negatively associated with non-PrEP users included living in a high-income country, having a university education, receiving an HIV test in the past 12\u00a0months, knowing people with a positive attitude about PrEP, having more sexual partners, condomless anal sex and chemsex. Compared with ED-PrEP users, factors independently positively associated with daily PrEP included being in a romantic relationship and receiving an HIV test or STI diagnosis in the past 12\u00a0months, and factors negatively associated with daily PrEP users included living in a high-income country, having a university education and chemsex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More work is needed to promote general PrEP uptake across the region and to promote choice of PrEP dosing regimen to suit the HIV prevention needs of the individual.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh25064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:17:10Z","timestamp":1780273030000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing overall PrEP uptake, daily PrEP and event-driven PrEP use among men who have sex with men in 15 countries across Asia"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9581-1011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Curtis","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AKirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2629-6407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heather-Marie A.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BUNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"CWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-7403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason J.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."},{"name":"ESchool of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9712-9262","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Warittha","family":"Tieosapjaroen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."},{"name":"ESchool of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0036-3165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nittaya","family":"Phanuphak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FInstitute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0848-8480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kimberly E.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GPATH, Hanoi, Viet Nam."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Cassell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HFHI 360, Atlanta, GA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2343-084X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DMelbourne Sexual Health Centre, Bayside Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."},{"name":"ESchool of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."},{"name":"IChina-Australia Joint Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Midnight","family":"Poonkasetwattana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JAPCOM Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5834-8278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"Bavinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AKirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"151","key":"2026053120170992200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004006","article-title":"Emtricitabine-tenofovir concentrations and pre-exposure prophylaxis efficacy in men who have sex with men.","volume":"4","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"27","key":"2026053120170992200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205","article-title":"Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men.","volume":"363","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026053120170992200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506273","article-title":"On-demand preexposure prophylaxis in men at high risk for HIV-1 infection.","volume":"373","author":"Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. What\u2019s the 2+1+1? Event-driven oral pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV for men who have sex with men: update to WHO\u2019s recommendation on oral PrEP. World Health Organization; 2019. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/what-s-the-2-1-1-event-driven-oral-pre-exposure-prophylaxis-to-prevent-hiv-for-men-who-have-sex-with-men"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Differentiated and simplified pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: update to WHO implementation guidance. World Health Organization; 2022. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240053694"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026053120170992200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(24)00300-X","article-title":"Event-driven PrEP beyond cisgender men who have sex with men.","volume":"12","author":"Irie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R7","unstructured":"ASHM. National PrEP Guidelines Update. Prevent HIV by Prescribing PrEP; 2023. Available at https:\/\/prepguidelines.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PrEP-Guidelines_Final_ver2.pdf"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R8","unstructured":"Division of AIDS and Sexual Transmitted Diseases, Department of Disease Control. Thailand National Guidelines for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) 2021. Nonthaburi; 2021. Available at \u00a0https:\/\/hivpreventioncoalition.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/thailand-national-guidelines-pre-exposure-prophylaxis-prep-2021"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R9","unstructured":"European AIDS Clinical Society. EACS Guidelines Version 8.0 October 2015. European AIDS Clinical Society; 2015. Available at https:\/\/www.eacsociety.org\/media\/2015_eacsguidelines_8_0-english_rev-20160124.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026053120170992200_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2019.09.003","article-title":"Taiwan guideline on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention - 2018 update.","volume":"53","author":"Yen-Hao Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R11","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO HIV policy adoption and implementation status in countries, 2024. World Health Organization; 2024. Available at https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/hq-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-library\/j0482-who-ias-hiv_factsheet_v3-2.pdf?sfvrsn=20d9d0fb_1"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026053120170992200_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz287","article-title":"Interest in switching to on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among Australian users of daily PrEP: an online survey.","volume":"6","author":"Cornelisse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026053120170992200_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa474","article-title":"Early adopters of event-driven human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis in a large healthcare system in San Francisco.","volume":"71","author":"Hojilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026053120170992200_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25768","article-title":"Choosing event-driven and daily HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: data from two European PrEP demonstration projects among men who have sex with men.","volume":"24","author":"Jongen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026053120170992200_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25795","article-title":"Comparison between daily and on-demand PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) regimen in covering condomless anal intercourse for men who have sex with men in Hong Kong: a randomized, controlled, open-label, crossover trial.","volume":"24","author":"Kwan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026053120170992200_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e554","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00133-3","article-title":"Daily and on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil (ANRS PREVENIR): a prospective observational cohort study.","volume":"9","author":"Molina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026053120170992200_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25667","article-title":"Preference for daily versus on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV and correlates among men who have sex with men: the China Real-world Oral PrEP Demonstration study.","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026053120170992200_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25389","article-title":"Motives for choosing, switching and stopping daily or event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis - a qualitative analysis.","volume":"22","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026053120170992200_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26398","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26398","article-title":"Increasing event-driven HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Australia: results from behavioural surveillance 2019-2023.","volume":"27","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026053120170992200_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e447","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30136-5","article-title":"Sexual behaviour and incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men using daily and event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis in AMPrEP: 2 year results from a demonstration study.","volume":"6","author":"Hoornenborg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026053120170992200_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10174-4","article-title":"Barriers to using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and sexual behaviour after stopping PrEP: a cross-sectional study in Germany.","volume":"21","author":"Koppe","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026053120170992200_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075976","article-title":"Preference and retention of daily and event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: a prospective cohort in Can Tho city, Viet Nam.","volume":"14","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026053120170992200_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001791","article-title":"Choosing between daily and event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis: results of a Belgian PrEP demonstration project.","volume":"79","author":"Reyniers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026053120170992200_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25407","article-title":"Daily and event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men in Belgium: results of a prospective cohort measuring adherence, sexual behaviour and STI incidence.","volume":"22","author":"Vuylsteke","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026053120170992200_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25733","article-title":"Imperfect adherence in real life: a prevention-effective perspective on adherence to daily and event-driven HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men - a prospective cohort study in Taiwan.","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026053120170992200_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e420","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00005-9","article-title":"HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men in west Africa: a multicountry demonstration study.","volume":"8","author":"Laurent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026053120170992200_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03203-1","article-title":"Predictors of event-driven regimen choice in current PrEP users and sexual behavior characteristics of MSM receiving sexual health services in New York City.","volume":"25","author":"Carneiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026053120170992200_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1071\/SH22101","article-title":"Increased awareness of event-driven PrEP and knowledge of how to use it: results from a cross-sectional survey of gay and bisexual men in Australia.","volume":"19","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026053120170992200_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25883","article-title":"Increasing awareness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and willingness to use HIV PrEP among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026053120170992200_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1071\/SH20208","article-title":"Challenges of providing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis across Australian clinics: qualitative insights of clinicians.","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R31","unstructured":"AVAC. PrEPWatch: Global Tracking; 2022. Available at https:\/\/www.prepwatch.org\/global-tracking\/"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R32","unstructured":"Chan C, Fraser D, Schmidt HMA, Green KE, Cassell MM, Ong JJ, Bavinton B. PrEP product awareness, preferences, and past experiences among transgender women and men who have sex with men in Asia and Australia: the PrEP APPEAL Study Report. Sydney: Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney; 2023. Available at https:\/\/www.kirby.unsw.edu.au\/research\/reports\/prep-appeal-study"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026053120170992200_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"SH25065","DOI":"10.1071\/SH25065","article-title":"Preparing for next-generation PrEP: awareness and willingness to use long-acting injectable cabotegravir among men who have sex with men and trans women across Asia.","volume":"22","author":"Schmidt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026053120170992200_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.70025","article-title":"Preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men and trans women in 15 countries and territories in Asia and Australia: a discrete choice experiment.","volume":"28","author":"Tieosapjaroen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026053120170992200_R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26438","article-title":"PrEP use and willingness cascades among GBMSM in 15 Asian countries\/territories: an analysis of the PrEP APPEAL survey.","volume":"28","author":"Wirawan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026053120170992200_R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-022-02310-x","article-title":"Changing levels of social engagement with gay men is associated with HIV related outcomes and behaviors: trends in Australian behavioral surveillance 1998-2020.","volume":"51","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R37","unstructured":"UNAIDS. The urgency of now: AIDS at a crossroads. UNAIDS; 2024. Available at https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2024\/global-aids-update-2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026053120170992200_R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1778628","article-title":"Experienced barriers to adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among MSM: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies.","volume":"33","author":"Edeza","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026053120170992200_R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-024-04546-1","article-title":"Characterizing event-driven PrEP use and investigating its association with experiences of PrEP-related barriers among a US national sample of PrEP users.","volume":"29","author":"Carneiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026053120170992200_R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25395","article-title":"Factors associated with the informal use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Germany: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"22","author":"Koppe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"47","key":"2026053120170992200_R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1448","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170494","article-title":"Canadian guideline on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis.","volume":"189","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026053120170992200_R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13687","article-title":"Dosing practices made mundane: enacting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence in domestic routines.","volume":"45","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R43","unstructured":"Tang F. Health ministry approves Truvada as HIV prevention drug. Japan Times; 2024. Available at https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2024\/08\/29\/japan\/science-health\/hiv-drug-approved\/"},{"key":"2026053120170992200_R44","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO implementation tool for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV infection: provider module for oral and long-acting PrEP. World Health Organization; 2024. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240097230"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026053120170992200_R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01468-1","article-title":"Meeting the sexual health needs of bisexual men in the age of biomedical HIV prevention: gaps and priorities.","volume":"49","author":"Feinstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026053120170992200_R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001870","article-title":"Trends in testing and self-reported diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections in gay and bisexual men in Australia, 2017-2021: analysis of national behavioural surveillance surveys.","volume":"50","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/SH25064\/1869663\/sh25064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/SH25064\/1869663\/sh25064.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:17:12Z","timestamp":1780273032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/23\/3\/SH25064\/272865\/Assessing-overall-PrEP-uptake-daily-PrEP-and-event"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Edmond Pui Hang","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh25064","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"article-number":"SH25064"}}