{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T19:32:53Z","timestamp":1763494373811,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chlamydia infection is a frequently reported notifiable condition in Queensland, with the highest prevalence observed among young people. Infection can occur in several sites including the anus, eye, pharynx, cervix\/vagina, and urethra. Currently, historical trends in chlamydia by site of infection in Queensland are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive analysis of all chlamydia notifications in Queensland, 2000\u20132019, was performed. Queensland Health statewide notification data were classified as either anorectal, eye, genitourinary, upper respiratory tract, or other\/unspecified. The number of chlamydia tests and proportion of tests positive for chlamydia were calculated using Medicare online testing data. Population denominator values were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistic\u2019s catalogues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the 20-year period, chlamydia notifications increased, particularly among individuals aged 20\u201324 years. However, there was a noticeable decline in genitourinary notifications among those aged 15\u201319\u00a0years since 2010. Despite increased testing, the ratio of positive specimens to testing decreased among females aged 15\u201324\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across the period of our study, there was a substantial and sustained decline in chlamydia notifications in those aged 15\u201319\u00a0years. Further research is required to understand factors that have contributed to this decrease and to guide programs for controlling chlamydia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh25121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T03:30:19Z","timestamp":1758598219000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology of notified chlamydia infections, Queensland, 2000\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-9309","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Troy A.","family":"Laidlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AAustralian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Canberra, ACT, Australia."},{"name":"BCommunicable Diseases Branch, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8335-8259","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CThe University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1006-7191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Satyamurthy","family":"Anuradha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DThe University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EQueensland Infection Prevention and Control Unit (QIPCU), Brisbane, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davoud","family":"Pourmarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AAustralian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Canberra, ACT, Australia."},{"name":"FGuilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9329-8501","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jane","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GUniversity of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Carlton, Vic, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2709-193X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCommunicable Diseases Branch, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111814281092900_R1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. Chlamydia \u2013 laboratory case definition (LCD). Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care; 2009. Available at https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/chlamydia-laboratory-case-definition?language=en [cited 7 January 2024]"},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R2","unstructured":"Australasian Sexual Health Alliance. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: Chlamydia. Sydney: The Australasia Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM); 2018. Available at https:\/\/sti.guidelines.org.au\/sexually-transmissible-infections\/chlamydia\/ [cited 7 January 2024]"},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R3","unstructured":"Kirby Institute. Detailed sexually transmissible infection dashboards: Chlamydia. Sydney: Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney; 2024. Available at https:\/\/www.data.kirby.unsw.edu.au\/sexually-transmissible-infections [cited 17 December 2024]"},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R4","unstructured":"National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research. HIV\/AIDS, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 2001. Sydney: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The University of New South Wales; 2001."},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R5","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. Trachoma: CDNA national guidelines for the public health management of trachoma. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care; 2014. Available at https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2020\/02\/trachoma-cdna-national-guidelines-for-public-health-units.pdf [cited 7 January 2024]"},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R6","unstructured":"Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel. Public health act 2005. Brisbane: Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel; 2023."},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R7"},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R8","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. Chlamydial infection \u2013 Surveillance case definition. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care; 2023. Available at https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/chlamydial-infection-surveillance-case-definition?language=en [cited 7 January 2024]"},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R9","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. National, state and territory population. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2020."},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R10","unstructured":"Australian Government Services Australia. Medicare item reports. Canberra: Australian Government Services Australia; 2022."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025111814281092900_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.5694\/mja14.00780","article-title":"Gonorrhoea notifications and nucleic acid amplification testing in a very low-prevalence Australian female population.","volume":"202","author":"Chow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025111814281092900_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.08.004","article-title":"Evaluation of the cobas 4800 CT\/NG test for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA in urogenital swabs and urine specimens.","volume":"74","author":"Parra-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R13"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025111814281092900_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1071\/SH23096","article-title":"The chlamydia care cascade of young people attending Australian general practices; a descriptive study to assess gaps in care.","volume":"20","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R15","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/screening-recommendations.htm [cited 13 March 2024]"},{"key":"2025111814281092900_R16","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Heath and Aged Care. Fourth national sexually transmissible infections strategy 2018\u20132022. 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