{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T21:56:59Z","timestamp":1785621419925,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate which sequential sexual acts involving different anatomical sites had the most affect on the transmission of gonorrhoea in men who have sex with men (MSM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mathematical model was constructed to simulate gonorrhoea transmission between the sequential sexual acts involving the oropharynx, urethra and anorectum. We simulated 1,000,000 sexual episodes using data of the sexual behaviours of a recent cohort of MSM, and identified which acts contributed most to transmission events. The potential impact of condom use on gonorrhoea transmissions was also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data on 2286 sex episodes that involved 294 different sexual patterns from 312 MSM followed for 12\u00a0weeks. Of the 1,000,000 model-simulated sexual episodes, 83.50% of 2468 transmissions occurred in sexual episodes that involved the oropharynx, with kissing accounting for the majority (68.85%). The three most frequent individual sexual behavioural patterns were \u2018kissing only\u2019, \u2018kissing-receptive oral sex-insertive anal sex\u2019 and \u2018kissing-insertive oral sex-receptive anal sex\u2019. These contributed to 341, 209 and 166 transmissions, respectively. The increasing coverage of condoms (80%) could potentially reduce gonorrhoea transmissions by 8.49% to 2259\u00a0cases\/million sex episodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oropharynx-related sexual acts contribute to most gonorrhoea transmission. Condom use has a limited impact on gonorrhoea transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh25128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T04:48:32Z","timestamp":1764132512000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The role of sequential sexual acts on Neisseria gonorrhoea transmissions between anatomical sites in men who have sex with men: a mathematical modelling study"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AChina\u2013Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AChina\u2013Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public 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Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."},{"name":"GPhase I Clinical Trial Research Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province710004, China."},{"name":"HArtificial Intelligence and Modelling in Epidemiology Program, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2025120121015765900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","article-title":"Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016.","volume":"97","author":"Rowley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull World Health 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