{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:24:12Z","timestamp":1789572252860,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young Rohingya refugee women in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh have limited knowledge of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and low testing rates. This study explores socio-cultural and structural barriers and facilitators, including the cross-cutting issue of information challenges, affecting their HIV\/STI literacy and testing. We present perspectives of young women, men, community leaders and healthcare providers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used purposive sampling to select young Rohingya women, men, community leaders and healthcare providers, and conducted a total of 40 in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions. The data were thematically analysed using a socio-ecological framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knowledge about HIV\/STIs was limited, and misconceptions were common. Access to information and testing was restricted by social and gender norms, as well as structural challenges, such as strict health policies for refugees, the limited of youth-friendly services and fragmented referral systems. Participants also noted the lack of male-friendly HIV\/STI services, which matters for women, because untreated male partners increase the risk of reinfection and undermine the effectiveness of women-focused interventions. Mistrust in the healthcare system and poor communication also contributed to lower testing rates. However, participants identified several community-based facilitators that helped raise awareness and increase testing, including home-based HIV\/STI education delivered by female health workers, peer testimonies and support, messages from religious leaders, and dedicated youth-friendly spaces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the value of culturally-tailored, community-led approaches that address gender norms and systemic barriers. Female-led education, peer support, and positive faith-based messaging offer promising avenues to improve HIV\/STI awareness and testing among young Rohingya refugee women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh25143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T04:51:53Z","timestamp":1764132713000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u2018They\u2019ll think you\u2019re infected\u2019: perceived barriers and facilitators of HIV\/STI awareness and testing among young Rohingya refugee women in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1894-7302","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Anwar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia."},{"name":"BPostgraduate Program in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia."},{"name":"CDepartment of Sociology, Faculty of Social Science, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailendra","family":"Sawleshwarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia."},{"name":"BPostgraduate Program in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia."},{"name":"DWestern Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Zablotska-Manos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BPostgraduate Program in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia."},{"name":"DWestern Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, NSW, Australia."},{"name":"ESydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120904461267100_R1","unstructured":"Schnabel L, Huang C. 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