{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T03:52:03Z","timestamp":1781495523796,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Co-occurring perceived community stigmas (HIV, sexual\/gender minority status and substance use) impact health behaviors and access to healthcare services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, but there is a paucity of research among adolescents and young adults). This paper explores the associations between co-occurring perceived community stigmas (HIV, sexual\/gender minority status and substance use) and their relationship to mental health and substance use outcomes among youth in Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 216 (females: 116, males: 110) youth living in Almaty, Kazakhstan, who were not diagnosed with HIV. We used multidimensional latent class analyses to identify groups of youth with different combinations of perceived community stigmas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The four latent classes are: (1) low levels of all stigma types (26%, n\u00a0=\u00a056); (2) low levels of HIV stigma with moderate levels of substance use and sexual\/gender minority status stigmas (44%, n\u00a0=\u00a095); (3) moderate levels of HIV and sexual\/gender minority status stigmas with low substance use stigma (9%, n\u00a0=\u00a019); and (4) high levels of all stigma types (21%, n\u00a0=\u00a046). Adolescents and young adults in Class 4 had higher odds of self-identifying as a sexual\/gender minority (OR\u00a02.70; 95% CI: 1.09, 6.69) compared with Class 1. Youth in Class 4 had higher depression (M\u00a013.88, s.d.\u00a07.52) and anxiety (M\u00a09.00, s.d.\u00a06.82) compared with Class 1 (M\u00a09.00, s.d.\u00a06.01; M\u00a05.2, s.d.\u00a05.38, respectively). Youth in Class 2 were 2.47\u00a0times (95% CI:\u00a01.23, 4.93) more likely to have used tobacco, and 2.06\u00a0times (95% CI:\u00a01.05, 4.06) more likely to have used alcohol than Class 1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Discrete typologies of perceived co-occurring community stigmas are differentially associated with health outcomes, suggesting a need for interventions to address co-occurring stigmas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh26038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T02:51:56Z","timestamp":1781491916000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-occurring stigmas and associations with HIV testing, mental health, and substance use: a latent class analysis among youth in Kazakhstan"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sam 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