{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:04:40Z","timestamp":1784174680338,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize evidence on Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in Canada, describe epidemiological patterns across populations and anatomical sites, and assess associations with prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence studies was conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses generated pooled mean prevalence estimates, and meta-regression analyses explored epidemiological and methodological predictors of prevalence variation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 169 publications were included, contributing 437 prevalence measures spanning 1981\u20132025. The pooled mean prevalence in the general population was 4.4% (95% CI: 3.6\u20135.2%) for current urogenital infection and 50.3% (95% CI: 44.5\u201356.1%) for ever infection. Among men who have sex with men and transgender people, prevalence estimates were 1.8% (95% CI: 0.6\u20133.5%) for urogenital infection, 6.6% (95% CI: 3.7\u201310.1%) for anorectal infection and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.0\u20132.1%) for oropharyngeal infection. Prevalence was substantially higher among symptomatic populations, reaching 18.6% (95% CI: 9.3\u201330.2%) in women and 24.3% (95% CI: 13.7\u201336.7%) in men. Meta-regression analyses explained &amp;gt;40% of the observed variation in prevalence, indicating that prevalence was approximately 30% lower among individuals aged \u226525\u00a0years compared with those aged &amp;lt;25\u00a0years, with no significant sex differences. Prevalence declined over time at a relative rate of 3% per year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in Canada is comparable to global levels. The ongoing persistence of infection underscores the need to enhance public health responses and expand investment in vaccine development as a cornerstone of long-term prevention and control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh26066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:31:38Z","timestamp":1784172698000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in Canada: systematic review and meta-analysis, 1981\u20132025"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Yousef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AInfectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mlaak","family":"Rob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AInfectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rwedah A.","family":"Ageeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AInfectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayane","family":"El-Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AInfectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manale","family":"Harfouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AInfectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0790-0506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laith J.","family":"Abu-Raddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AInfectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar."},{"name":"BDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA."},{"name":"CDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar."},{"name":"DCollege of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071523313122400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","article-title":"Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016.","volume":"97","author":"Rowley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2026071523313122400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416648585","article-title":"2016 European guideline on the management of non-gonococcal urethritis.","volume":"27","author":"Horner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2026071523313122400_R3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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