{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:19:09Z","timestamp":1787804349364,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overseas-born gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) experience higher HIV notification rates compared with Australian-born GBMSM. This disparity is perpetuated by delayed access to HIV testing and biomedical prevention driven by a range of factors including Medicare eligibility, language and cultural barriers, and unfamiliarity with the health system. Community-based services offer an alternative pathway to HIV testing that may better serve migrant GBMSM facing challenges accessing mainstream healthcare settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing settings of first HIV test within our service, either peer-led community-based testing or traditional clinic-based testing for overseas-born GBMSM who arrived in Australia between January 2022 and January 2024. Participants were grouped by time of arrival to first HIV test (either less than 6\u00a0months or more than 6\u00a0months). Comparative analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify characteristics associated with attendance at the community-based setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1204 GBMSM were included with 424 (35.2%) attending community-based setting for their first HIV test after arrival. Those who attended community-based testing were more likely to have arrived in Australia more than 6\u00a0months ago (66.8% vs 26.9%) and never previously tested for HIV (37.5% vs 17.2%). These factors were also associated with higher likelihood of community-based testing in the multivariable model (aOR 5.27, 95% CI 3.98\u20136.97 and aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.57\u20132.91 respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community-based, peer-led HIV testing services play an important role in engaging overseas-born GBMSM who may be under-served by traditional clinic-based models, particularly those with longer residence in Australia and no prior HIV testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh26088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:22:15Z","timestamp":1787617335000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics associated with attending community-based versus clinic-based HIV testing services among overseas-born gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men in Sydney, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6718-9993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Houghton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Sexual Health Centre, Sexual Health & Blood Borne Virus Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anik","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Sexual Health Centre, Sexual Health & Blood Borne Virus Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Mahony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Sexual Health Centre, Sexual Health & Blood Borne Virus Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Sexual Health Centre, Sexual Health & Blood Borne Virus Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BACON, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joubert","family":"van der Merwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BACON, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0402-0506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rick","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Sexual Health Centre, Sexual Health & Blood Borne Virus Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia."},{"name":"CKirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4043-1895","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arthur","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASydney Sexual Health Centre, Sexual Health & Blood Borne Virus Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia."},{"name":"CKirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082623463048300_R1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. Ninth National HIV strategy 2024\u20132030. Canberra: Australian Government; 2024. Available at https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/ninth-national-hiv-strategy-2024-2030"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R2","unstructured":"Kirby Institute. HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: annual surveillance report 2024 \u2013 HIV. Sydney: UNSW Sydney; 2024. Available at https:\/\/www.kirby.unsw.edu.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Annual-Surveillance-Report-2024_HIV.pdf"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R3","unstructured":"Health Equity Matters. Improving our understanding of HIV notifications among people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia. Sydney: Health Equity Matters; 2024. Available at https:\/\/www.healthequitymatters.org.au\/resources\/improving-our-understanding-of-hiv-notifications-among-people-from-culturally-and-linguistically-diverse-backgrounds-in-australia [accessed March 2026]"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R4","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. Overseas migration, latest release. Canberra: ABS; 2025. Available at https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/population\/overseas-migration\/latest-release [accessed March 2026]"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R5","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Home Affairs. Threats to public health. Canberra: Australian Government; 2025. Available at https:\/\/immi.homeaffairs.gov.au\/help-support\/meeting-our-requirements\/health\/threats-to-public-health [accessed March 2026]"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R6","unstructured":"Services Australia. Enrolling in Medicare. Canberra: Australian Government; 2025. Available at https:\/\/www.servicesaustralia.gov.au\/enrolling-medicare?context=60092 [accessed March 2026]"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R7","unstructured":"Services Australia. Reciprocal Health Care Agreements. Canberra: Australian Government; 2024. Available at https:\/\/www.servicesaustralia.gov.au\/reciprocal-health-care-agreements [accessed June 2026]"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026082623463048300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019289","article-title":"Trends in late and advanced HIV diagnoses among migrants in Australia: implications for progress on Fast-Track targets.","volume":"99","author":"Marukutira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R9"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.2620","article-title":"Assessing HIV risk and the social and behavioural characteristics of gay and bisexual men who have recently migrated to Australia: an analysis of national, behavioural surveillance data 2019\u20132021.","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026082623463048300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19152","article-title":"Characteristics of clients newly diagnosed with HIV in central Sydney in 2016\u201317: a retrospective audit comparing a community-based testing site and a clinical sexual health service.","volume":"17","author":"Houghton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026082623463048300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002982","article-title":"Community\u2013based peer\u2013led HIV\/sexually transmitted infection testing services in Sydney for gay and bisexual men captured an eighth of new HIV diagnoses in New South Wales, Australia.","volume":"35","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R13","unstructured":"World Bank. World Bank country classifications by income level for 2024\u20132025. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2024. Available at https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/en\/opendata\/world-bank-country-classifications-by-income-level-for-2024-2025 [accessed March 2026]"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026082623463048300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2019.1709973","article-title":"Australian \u2018gayborhoods\u2019 and \u2018lesborhoods\u2019: a new method for estimating the number and prevalence of adult gay men and lesbian women living in each Australian postcode.","volume":"34","author":"Callander","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R15","unstructured":"NSW Ministry of Health. NSW HIV strategy 2026\u20132030. Sydney: NSW Ministry of Health; 2026. Available at https:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/endinghiv\/Pages\/NSW-HIV-Strategy-2026-2030.aspx"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R16","unstructured":"Vickers T, Varma R, Aung HL, Mackie B, Keen P, Grulich A, Marcus J. Time to diagnosis among overseas-born men who have sex with men. Poster presented at: Australasian HIV& AIDs Conference; 15\u201317 September 2025; Adelaide Convention and Exhibition Centre (Tarndanya)."},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R17","unstructured":"NSW Health. Access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for people in NSW who are not eligible for Medicare [Guideline]. Sydney: NSW Ministry of Health; 2025. Guideline No.: GL2025_020. Available at https:\/\/www1.health.nsw.gov.au\/pds\/ActivePDSDocuments\/GL2025_020.pdf"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.839479","article-title":"Preferences for HIV testing services and HIV self-testing distribution among migrant gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Australia.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026082623463048300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cks130","article-title":"HIV testing and counselling for migrant populations living in high-income countries: a systematic review.","volume":"23","author":"Alvarez-del Arco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2026082623463048300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-025-04632-y","article-title":"Patterns of social support and LGBTQ + community involvement among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Australia and their effect on HIV-related outcomes: a latent class analysis.","volume":"29","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/SH26088\/1949711\/sh26088.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/SH26088\/1949711\/sh26088.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:46:37Z","timestamp":1787802397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/23\/5\/SH26088\/275705\/Characteristics-associated-with-attending"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Roanna","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh26088","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"article-number":"SH26088"}}