{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:52:35Z","timestamp":1791179555255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young people are disproportionately affected by sexually transmissible infections (STIs). University student populations comprise a large proportion of diverse young people with varied experiences and identities. This study aimed to analyse factors associated with increased risk of sexual risk behaviours and testing among domestic Australian-born students (DABS), domestic overseas-born students (DOBS), and international students (IS); and to investigate the use of a sexual risk behaviour score to examine whether sexual behaviours differ between DABS, DOBS,\u00a0and IS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results from a cross-sectional survey of 4291, conducted among Australian university-enrolled students aged 18\u00a0years and older analysed associations between participant demographics, sexual behaviours,\u00a0and STI testing. A 15-item sexual risk behaviour score (lowest risk, 0; highest risk, 23) was developed and analysed descriptively. Associations with other participant factors were investigated using linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most students (72%) (mean age,\u00a023\u00a0years) reported being sexually active, although there were significant differences between enrolment categories (DABS, 74.8%; DOBS, 68.6%; IS, 61.5%. Sexual risk behaviour scores ranged from 1 to 23. IS had lower sexual risk behaviour scores (adjusted coefficient \u22121.20, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). Compared with those aged 18\u201319\u00a0years, individuals aged 20\u201324\u00a0years (aOR\u00a0=\u00a01.91, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.01) and 25\u201329\u00a0years (aOR\u00a0=\u00a04.11, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.01) were more likely to report STI testing. Men who reported being attracted to men, those engaging in drug- or alcohol-influenced sex, having five or more sexual partners, and previous HIV testing were all positively associated with STI testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite lower sexual risk behaviours, international students were less likely to access STI testing, suggesting a greater understanding of IS health-seeking behaviour and health literacy is needed to inform suitable responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/sh26092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:11:41Z","timestamp":1791177101000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors associated with sexual risk behaviours and sexually transmissible infection testing among university students by enrolment type in Queensland, Australia: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2806-4834","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amalie","family":"Dyda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AThe University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa","family":"Dakiniewich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AThe University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna","family":"Ediriweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AThe University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara F. E.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AThe University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9998-7359","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph","family":"Debattista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMetro North Public Health Unit, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Windsor, Qld, Australia."},{"name":"CSchool of Health, Psychological and Medical Sciences, Institute for Health, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Durham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSchool of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Ariana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESchool of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEthnic Communities Council of Queensland, West End, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0939-9842","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy B.","family":"Mullens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSchool of Health, Psychological and Medical Sciences, Institute for Health, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0585-7866","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Wenham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSchool of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HThe University of Queensland, UQ Wellbeing Health Promotion Project, Student Support and Wellbeing Services, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Gilks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AThe University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstie","family":"Daken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSchool of Health, Psychological and Medical Sciences, Institute for Health, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Qld, Australia."},{"name":"FEthnic Communities Council of Queensland, West End, Qld, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2513-2013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Judith A.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AThe University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100501113695800_R1","unstructured":"King J, Kwon JA, Gray R, McManus H, McGregor S. HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: Annual surveillance report 2025. Sydney: University of New South Wales; 2025."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026100501113695800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jrfm13090188","article-title":"Predicting the Impact of COVID-19 on Australian Universities.","volume":"13","author":"Thatcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Risk Financ Manage"},{"key":"2026100501113695800_R3","unstructured":"Department of Education. International Student Data for the year-to-date (YTD) October 2025. Canberra: Australian Government; 2025 [updated 16 Feb 2026]. Available at https:\/\/www.education.gov.au\/international-education-data-and-research\/international-student-monthly-summary-and-data-tables#toc-international-student-data-for-the-year-to-date-ytd-october-2025. [cited 20 Feb 2026]"},{"key":"2026100501113695800_R4","unstructured":"Norton A. Mapping Australian higher education 2023. ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods; 2023."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100501113695800_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29724","article-title":"Trends in the burden and determinants of HIV in the Asia-Pacific region (1990-2019): An age-period-cohort analysis of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study.","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100501113695800_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15418-z","article-title":"STI and HIV testing: examining factors that influence uptake among domestic Australian-born, domestic overseas-born and international tertiary students studying in Australia.","volume":"23","author":"Engstrom","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100501113695800_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1071\/SH21055","article-title":"STI and HIV knowledge and testing: a comparison of domestic Australian-born, domestic overseas-born and international university students in Australia.","volume":"18","author":"Engstrom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100501113695800_R8","first-page":"817","article-title":"Female international students and sexual health - a qualitative study into knowledge, beliefs and attitudes.","volume":"40","author":"Burchard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust Fam Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100501113695800_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01658-w","article-title":"Screening for chlamydia and\/or gonorrhea in primary health care: systematic reviews on effectiveness and patient preferences.","volume":"10","author":"Pillay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026100501113695800_R10","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Education. Selected higher education statistics: 2024 student data. Australian Government Department of Education. Available at https:\/\/www.education.gov.au\/higher-education-statistics\/student-data."},{"key":"2026100501113695800_R11","unstructured":"ABS. Age standard; 2014. Available at https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/standards\/age-standard\/latest-release."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100501113695800_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12753","article-title":"Association between knowledge, risk behaviours, and testing for sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: findings from a large online survey in the United Kingdom.","volume":"20","author":"Wayal","year":"2019","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100501113695800_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420921726","article-title":"Comparing sexual behaviours and knowledge between domestic students and Chinese international students in Australia: findings from two cross-sectional studies.","volume":"31","author":"Douglass","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026100501113695800_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2024.2410834","article-title":"University students\u2019 access and use of sexual and reproductive health services in Australia.","volume":"27","author":"Mundie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Culture Health Sex"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100501113695800_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1071\/SH21073","article-title":"A systematic review of international students; sexual health knowledge, behaviours, and attitudes.","volume":"19","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100501113695800_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anzjph.2024.100136","article-title":"A cross-sectional investigation of the factors associated with awareness of PEP and PrEP among Queensland university students.","volume":"48","author":"Warzywoda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100501113695800_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1071\/SH21044","article-title":"Sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of Chinese international students studying abroad (in Australia, the UK and the US): a scoping review.","volume":"18","author":"Mundie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100501113695800_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taae024","article-title":"Integrating sexual and reproductive health into pre-travel consultations.","volume":"31","author":"Santaolaya","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100501113695800_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5587-2","article-title":"Exploring psychosocial predictors of STI testing in University students.","volume":"18","author":"Martin-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100501113695800_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2023.2265960","article-title":"Developing critical HIV health literacy: insights from interviews with priority migrant communities in Queensland, Australia.","volume":"26","author":"Istiko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Culture Health Sex"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100501113695800_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054347","article-title":"HIV-Related Knowledge and Practices among Asian and African Migrants Living in Australia: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey and Qualitative Study.","volume":"20","author":"Vujcich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100501113695800_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842x.2003.tb00800.x","article-title":"Sex in Australia: first experiences of vaginal intercourse and oral sex among a representative sample of adults.","volume":"27","author":"Rissel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100501113695800_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb02957.x","article-title":"Australian general practitioner chlamydia testing rates among young people.","volume":"194","author":"Kong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026100501113695800_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1177\/1925362118821492","article-title":"A Review of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Australia - Considerations in 2018.","volume":"8","author":"Thng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Forensic Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100501113695800_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052983","article-title":"Places and people: the perceptions of men who have sex with men concerning STI testing: a qualitative study.","volume":"94","author":"Datta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026100501113695800_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037608","article-title":"Trends and differences in sexual practices and sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men only (MSMO) and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW): a repeated cross-sectional study in Melbourne, Australia.","volume":"10","author":"Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100501113695800_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196821","article-title":"Implicit attitudes to sexual partner concurrency vary by sexual orientation but not by gender\u2014A cross sectional study of Belgian students.","volume":"13","author":"Kenyon","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100501113695800_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199209000-00006","article-title":"Multiple Partners and Partner Choice as Risk Factors for Sexually Transmitted Disease Among Female College Students.","volume":"19","author":"Joffe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026100501113695800_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318283d2e5","article-title":"Perceived Risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections Aligns With Sexual Risk Behavior With the Exception of Condom Nonuse: Data From a Nonclinical Sample of Sexually Active Young Adult Women.","volume":"40","author":"Pollack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026100501113695800_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011312","article-title":"Sexual and testing behaviour associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a cohort study in an STI clinic in Sweden.","volume":"6","author":"Veli\u010dko","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026100501113695800_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH24165","article-title":"Factors influencing experiences of non-consensual sex: results from a mixed data cross-sectional online survey of Australian university students.","volume":"22","author":"Wenham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2026100501113695800_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-12","article-title":"Sexual behaviour, sexually transmitted infections and attitudes to chlamydia testing among a unique national sample of young Australians: baseline data from a randomised controlled trial.","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["Sexual Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/SH26092\/1972506\/sh26092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1071\/SH26092\/1972506\/sh26092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:11:43Z","timestamp":1791177103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/sh\/article\/23\/5\/SH26092\/275951\/Factors-associated-with-sexual-risk-behaviours-and"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alissa","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/sh26092","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-5028","1449-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-5028","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"article-number":"SH26092"}}