{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T19:15:28Z","timestamp":1780686928840,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) system was evaluated for the Daxing'anling region of northern China for the 1987\u20132006 fire seasons. The FWI system reflected the regional fire danger and could be effectively used there in wildfire management. The various FWI system components were classified into classes (i.e. low to extreme) for fire conditions found in the region. A total of 81.1% of the fires occurred in the high, very high and extreme fire danger classes, in which 73.9% of the fires occurred in the spring (0.1, 9.5, 33.3 and 33.1% in March, April, May and June). Large wildfires greater than 200 ha in area (16.7% of the total) burnt 99.2% of the total burnt area. Lightning was the main ignition source for 57.1% of the total fires. Result show that forest fires mainly occurred in deciduous coniferous forest (61.3%), grass (23.9%) and deciduous broad leaved forest (8.0%). A bimodal fire season was detected, with peaks in May and October. The components of FWI system were good indicators of fire danger in the Daxing'anling region of China and could be used to build a working fire danger rating system for the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/wf09120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]],"date-time":"2011-10-04T23:04:25Z","timestamp":1317769465000},"page":"963-973","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Wildfires and the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index system for the Daxing'anling region of China"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xiaorui","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AResearch Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry Administration\u2019s Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection, Beijing 100091, China."},{"name":"CCorresponding author. Email: tianxr@caf.ac.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"McRae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jizhong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifu","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AResearch Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry Administration\u2019s Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection, Beijing 100091, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AResearch Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry Administration\u2019s Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection, Beijing 100091, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AResearch Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, State Forestry Administration\u2019s Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection, Beijing 100091, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112621324861100_R1"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1071\/WF03066","article-title":"Fire weather index system components for large fires in the Canadian boreal forest.","volume":"13","author":"Amiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R3"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R4"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R5","first-page":"13","article-title":"Report on forest restoration after the catastrophic fire in 1987 in the northern slopes of Daxing'anling Mountains.","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Northeast Forestry University"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/jof\/64.8.531","article-title":"Rating fire danger by the multiple basic index system.","volume":"64","author":"Countryman","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal of Forestry"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R7"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/S11027-006-9043-8","article-title":"Development of the Indonesian and Malaysian fire danger rating systems.","volume":"12","author":"de Groot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R9"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R10"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.5558\/tfc62507-6","article-title":"A comparison of fire weather severity in northern Alberta during the 1980 and 1981 fire seasons.","volume":"62","author":"Harvey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Forestry Chronicle"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R12","first-page":"20","article-title":"Application of Canadian forest fire weather index system in Daxing'anling region.","volume":"3","author":"Jin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Fire Prevention"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R13","unstructured":"Lawler M (2004) Analysis of the American National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) v. the Canadian Fire Weather Index System (FWI) for the Superior National Forest. US Forest Service, Tofte Ranger District, Superior National Forest, Technical Fire Management-17. (Tofte, MN) Available at http:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.net\/ftpFiles\/StudentFinalProjectReports\/TFM17\/MarkLawler.pdf [Verified 18 August 2011]"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R14","unstructured":"Lawson BD, Armitage OB (2008) Weather guide for the Canadian forest fire danger rating system. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre. (Edmonton, AB) Available at http:\/\/cfs.nrcan.gc.ca\/pubwarehouse\/pdfs\/29152.pdf [Verified 18 August 2011]"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R15","first-page":"46","article-title":"Preliminary assessment on major ecological benefits of Daxing'anling forests, Heilongjiang.","volume":"4","author":"Liang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Forest Byproduct and Specialty in China"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R16"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R17"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112621324861100_R18","first-page":"143","article-title":"Interannual oscillations of precipitation and temperature for China and the links with El Nino.","volume":"11","author":"Mo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Oceanologica Sinica"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R19"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Forecasting methodology of national level forest fire risk rating.","volume":"23","author":"Qin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sensing Technology and Application"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R21"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R22"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.5558\/tfc65450-6","article-title":"The Canadian forest fire danger rating system: an overview.","volume":"65","author":"Stocks","year":"1989","journal-title":"Forestry Chronicle"},{"issue":"D1","key":"2025112621324861100_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8149","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000484","article-title":"Large forest fires in Canada, 1959\u20131997.","volume":"108","author":"Stocks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1071\/WF05021","article-title":"Science, technology and human factors in fire danger rating: the Canadian experience.","volume":"15","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.5558\/tfc66266-3","article-title":"The Jiagedaqi project: forest fire control in China.","volume":"66","author":"Thomas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Forestry Chronicle"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R27"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R28"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R29"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R30"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1071\/WF00015","article-title":"Comparitive study of various methods of fire danger evaluation in southern Europe.","volume":"9","author":"Viegas","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R32"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R33"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R34"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R35"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R36"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025112621324861100_R37","first-page":"103","article-title":"Influence of El Nino on precipitation in Heilongjiang province in spring and autumn.","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Disasters"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R38","first-page":"1914","article-title":"The changes of forest fuel dryness conditions under global warming in Inner Mongolia Daxing'anling forest region.","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Ecologica Sinica"},{"key":"2025112621324861100_R39"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Wildland Fire"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/wf\/article-pdf\/20\/8\/963\/162394\/wf09120.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/wf\/article-pdf\/20\/8\/963\/162394\/wf09120.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T02:32:57Z","timestamp":1764210777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/wf\/article\/20\/8\/963\/23280\/Wildfires-and-the-Canadian-Forest-Fire-Weather"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/wf09120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-8001","1448-5516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-8001","type":"print"},{"value":"1448-5516","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,5]]}}}