{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T13:38:12Z","timestamp":1767879492846,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2994,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present paper presents a cladistic analysis of the spider genus Tobias Simon, 1895. The analyses were based on a matrix with 29 terminal taxa scored for 86 morphological characters, with a dataset tested under two methodologies for character weighting (i.e. equal and implied weighting). Both analyses supported the paraphyletic relationship of Tobias with Epicadus Simon, 1895, with the former considered a junior synonym of the latter (new synonymy). Onocolus, Epicadinus and Epicadus form a clade supported by two synapomorphies, corroborating previous taxonomic assumptions regarding the proximity of these genera. Epicadus has two lineages: the \u2018pustulosus clade\u2019, comprising bark-like individuals that camouflage themselves on tree trunks and branches, and the \u2018heterogaster clade\u2019, which consists of a group of spiders that present a wide range of polychromatism and use flowers as hunting sites. Synonymies are presented and a new combination for all species previously assigned as part of Tobias is proposed. Epicadus now comprises nine species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/is16074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T19:25:04Z","timestamp":1498159504000},"page":"442-455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cladistic analysis supports the monophyly of the Neotropical crab spider genus Epicadus and its senior synonymy over Tobias (Araneae\u2009:\u2009Thomisidae)"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ALaborat\u00f3rio de Aracnologia, Faculdade de Bioci\u00eancias, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil."},{"name":"BCorresponding author. Email: machadom.arachno@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renato A.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALaborat\u00f3rio de Aracnologia, Faculdade de Bioci\u00eancias, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arno A.","family":"Lise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALaborat\u00f3rio de Aracnologia, Faculdade de Bioci\u00eancias, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112623583134000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3080.1.1","article-title":"Phylogenetics and comparative morphology of crab spiders (Araneae: Dionycha, Thomisidae).","volume":"3080","author":"Benjamin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2008.00202.x","article-title":"Family ties: molecular phylogeny of crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae).","volume":"24","author":"Benjamin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-009-0419-6","article-title":"Perception of ultraviolet light by crab spiders and its role in selection of hunting sites.","volume":"195","author":"Bhaskara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R4","first-page":"73","article-title":"Dos tomisidos neuvos de Bolivia (Araneae).","volume":"26","author":"Birab\u00e9n","year":"1955","journal-title":"Publicaciones de la Misi\u00f3n de Estudios de Patologia Regional Argentina, Jujuy"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.1995.tb00097.x","article-title":"Why autapomorphies should be removed: a reply to Yeates.","volume":"11","author":"Bryant","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1127\/entom.gen\/25\/2001\/181","article-title":"Camouflage of predatory crab spiders on flowers and the colour perception of bees (Aranida: Thomisidae\/Hymenoptera: Apidae).","volume":"25","author":"Chittka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Entomologia Generalis"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R7"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R8"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R9"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R10"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R11"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.1993.tb00209.x","article-title":"Estimating character weights during tree search.","volume":"9","author":"Goloboff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2001.tb00102.x","article-title":"Methods for quick consensus estimation.","volume":"17","author":"Goloboff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2003.tb00376.x","article-title":"Improvements to resampling measures of group support.","volume":"19","author":"Goloboff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.x","article-title":"TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis.","volume":"24","author":"Goloboff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2008.00209.x","article-title":"Weighting against homoplasy improves phylogenetic analysis of morphological data sets.","volume":"24","author":"Goloboff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1139\/z94-210","article-title":"Contrasting patch choosing by anthophilous ambush predators: vegetation and floral cues for decisions by a crab spider (Misumena vatia) and males and females of an ambush bug (Phymata americana).","volume":"72","author":"Greco","year":"1994","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R18"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R19"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R20"},{"key":"2025112623583134000_R21","first-page":"3","article-title":"Tomis\u00eddeos Neotropicais V: Revis\u00e3o do g\u00eanero Onocolus Simon, 1895 (Araneae, Thomisidae, Stephanopinae).","volume":"57","author":"Lise","year":"1981","journal-title":"Iheringia. 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