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In this study we capitalise on samples largely collected by us during the last two decades and use Sanger DNA-sequencing techniques to produce a large phylogenetic tree with 300 triaenonychid terminals representing nearly 50% of triaenonychid genera and including representatives from all the major geographic areas from which they are known. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods recover the family as diphyletic, placing Lomanella Pocock, 1903 as the sister group to the New Zealand endemic family Synthetonychiidae Forster, 1954. With the exception of the Laurasian representatives of the family, all landmasses contain non-monophyletic assemblages of taxa. To determine whether this non-monophyly was the result of Gondwanan vicariance, ancient cladogenesis due to habitat regionalisation, or more recent over-water dispersal, we inferred divergence times. We found that most divergence times between landmasses predate Gondwanan breakup, though there has been at least one instance of transoceanic dispersal \u2013 to New Caledonia. In all, we identify multiple places in the phylogeny where taxonomic revision is needed, and transfer Lomanella outside of Triaenonychidae in order to maintain monophyly of the family.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/is19069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T00:18:17Z","timestamp":1597364297000},"page":"637-660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the temperate Gondwanan family Triaenonychidae (Opiliones\u00a0:\u00a0Laniatores) reveals pre-Gondwanan regionalisation, common vicariance, and rare dispersal"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9782-4959","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caitlin M.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA."},{"name":"DCorresponding author. 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