{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:26:40Z","timestamp":1775737600296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2386,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Environmental context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microplastics, long recognised as contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, are increasingly of environmental concern for terrestrial ecosystems. This study focuses on the potential of microplastics to act as carriers of agrochemicals and the subsequent effects on soil biota. The results indicate the need for further studies into how soil properties influence both the degradation of microplastics and their role as pollutant carriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microplastics (MPs) are of environmental concern to marine ecosystems owing to the evidence of their presence in and adverse effects on organisms, but studies to address this problem on soils and its biota are scarce. Several questions can arise related to this major environmental problem and its impact on terrestrial ecosystems, mainly, whether MPs can transport contaminants (e.g. pesticides) to the soil matrix and if they can be a carrier of pesticides to soil biota. To contribute to the understanding of these issues, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were exposed for 14 days to soil containing two different sized MPs (5 mm and 0.25 \u00b5m\u20131 mm) that were either previously sprayed or not with chlorpyrifos (CPF). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured to track the exposure of the earthworms to MPs, both non-sprayed and sprayed with CPF. The behaviour of the earthworms in the test containers and the movement of MPs in the soil were assessed. The concentration of CPF in soil at the end of the experiment differed between the treatments with MPs of different sizes (17.9 ng g-1 and 2442 ng g-1 for large and small MPs, respectively). Despite the ability of the MPs to release CPF to the soil, the earthworms avoided the contaminated MPs at the highest contaminant level. At a lower concentration of CPF (large MPs), the earthworms avoided the MPs, but the contact time with contaminated soil was higher, as shown by the enhanced level of TBARs and AChE inhibition. However, no evidence of MPs uptake was recorded, thus it was not demonstrated that MPs can be carriers of pesticides to earthworms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/en18162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T18:15:53Z","timestamp":1540836953000},"page":"8-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Low-density polyethylene microplastics as a source and carriers of agrochemicals to soil and earthworms"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4868-3069","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Seijo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AGreenUPorto and Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal."},{"name":"ECorresponding author. Email: andresrodriguezseijo@hotmail.com"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGreenUPorto and Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Ferreira da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BDepartment of Geosciences, Geobiotec Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Cachada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGreenUPorto and Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal."},{"name":"CInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal."},{"name":"DCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGreenUPorto and Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal."}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102411400459100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ECOENV.2018.05.073","article-title":"Spirulina platensis attenuates furan reprotoxicity by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in testis of rats","volume":"161","author":"Abd El-Hakim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"2025102411400459100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.16966\/2576-6430.109","article-title":"Variations in sorption of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs across six different plastic polymers","volume":"2","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental and Toxicological Studies"},{"key":"2025102411400459100_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2015.03.150","article-title":"Ecotoxicological characterization of sugarcane vinasses when applied to tropical soils","volume":"526","author":"Alves","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025102411400459100_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVPOL.2013.10.007","article-title":"Enhanced desorption of persistent organic pollutants from microplastics under simulated physiological conditions","volume":"185","author":"Bakir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"2025102411400459100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1098\/RSTB.2008.0205","article-title":"Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments","volume":"364","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 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