{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T19:09:42Z","timestamp":1770577782673,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2236,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Environmental context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nanomaterials are being extensively researched for use as agrochemicals, and some commercial formulations containing nanomaterials are already on the market. Information on environmental fate and effects of nanomaterials, however, are largely based on laboratory-synthesised materials. This study questions whether data on trophic transfer of Cu from pure, laboratory-synthesised Cu(OH)2 nanomaterials can be used to predict trophic transfer of Cu from a complex commercial fungicide formulation containing Cu(OH)2 nanomaterials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether studies conducted with highly purified, laboratory-synthesised nanomaterials are predictive of behaviour of commercial nanopesticide formulations, we studied the trophic transfer of Cu(OH)2 manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) by tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) feeding on surface-treated tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum). We compared laboratory-synthesised copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) nanowire with the widely used fungicide Kocide\u00ae 3000, whose active ingredient is nano-needles of copper(II) hydroxide (nCu(OH)2). All leaves were treated at rates in accordance with the product label (1.5 kg ha-1 or 150 mg m-2). As a control, we used highly soluble CuSO4. Over the course of the study (exposure up to 7 days followed by up to 20 days of elimination), hornworms accumulated Cu from all three treatments far exceeding controls (ranging from ~55 to 105 times greater for nCu(OH)2 and CuSO4 respectively). There were also significant differences in accumulation of Cu among treatments, with the greatest accumulation in the CuSO4 treatment (up to 105 \u00b1 18 \u00b5g Cu per g dry mass) and the least in the nCu(OH)2 treatment (up to 55 \u00b1 12 \u00b5g Cu per g dry mass. The difference in their toxicity and accumulation and elimination dynamics was found to be correlated with the solubility of the materials in the exposure suspensions (r2 = 0.99). We also found that first-instar larvae are more susceptible to toxicity from all forms of Cu than second-instar larvae. Our results provide valuable knowledge on whether the ecotoxicity of commercial MNM products such as Kocide can be compared with laboratory-synthesised counterparts and suggests that predictions can be made based on functional assays such as measurement of solubility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/en19011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T18:32:43Z","timestamp":1553797963000},"page":"411-418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Comparing plant\u2013insect trophic transfer of Cu from lab-synthesised nano-Cu(OH)2 with a commercial nano-Cu(OH)2 fungicide formulation"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jieran","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA."}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCentro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Olga V.","family":"Tsyusko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA."},{"name":"CDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3012-5261","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason M.","family":"Unrine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA."},{"name":"CDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA."},{"name":"DCorresponding author. Email: jason.unrine@uky.edu"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102411410626300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12561","DOI":"10.1021\/ES5033426","article-title":"Influence of extracellular polymeric substances on the long-term fate, dissolution, and speciation of copper-based nanoparticles","volume":"48","author":"Adeleye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2017.05.095","article-title":"Physiological and biochemical effects of nanoparticulate copper, bulk copper, copper chloride, and kinetin in kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants","volume":"599\u2013600","author":"Apodaca","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2008.10.053","article-title":"Toxicity of nanoparticles of CuO, ZnO and TiO2 to microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata","volume":"407","author":"Aruoja","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1021\/ES202660K","article-title":"Copper oxide nanoparticle-mediated DNA damage in terrestrial plant models","volume":"46","author":"Atha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TOXLET.2011.11.002","article-title":"Toxicity of silver nanoparticles \u2013 nanoparticle or silver ion?","volume":"208","author":"Beer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicology Letters"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TOXLET.2005.10.003","article-title":"Acute toxicological effects of copper nanoparticles in vivo","volume":"163","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology Letters"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1002\/ETC.5620200811","article-title":"Resource allocation-based life histories: a conceptual basis for studies of ecological toxicology","volume":"20","author":"Congdon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVPOL.2018.09.028","article-title":"Toxicity of copper hydroxide nanoparticles, bulk copper hydroxide, and ionic copper to alfalfa plants: a spectroscopic and gene expression study","volume":"243","author":"Cota-Ruiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R9","first-page":"49","article-title":"The effects of environmental variation on a mechanism that controls insect body size","volume":"6","author":"Davidowitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evolutionary Ecology Research"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/NNANO.2009.157","article-title":"Transfer of gold nanoparticles from the water column to the estuarine food web","volume":"4","author":"Ferry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Nanotechnology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8484","DOI":"10.1021\/ES071445R","article-title":"Comparative toxicity of nanoparticulate ZnO, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl2 to a freshwater microalga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata): the importance of particle solubility","volume":"41","author":"Franklin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1021\/ES4050665","article-title":"Trophic transfer, transformation, and impact of engineered nanomaterials in terrestrial environments","volume":"48","author":"Gardea-Torresdey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2012.658094","article-title":"Phytotoxicity, accumulation and transport of silver nanoparticles by Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"7","author":"Geisler-Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21743","DOI":"10.1039\/C3RA42118J","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of copper-based nanoparticles as agrochemicals against Phytophthora infestans","volume":"3","author":"Giannousi","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Advances"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JINSPHYS.2011.09.008","article-title":"Inorganic polyphosphates are stored in spherites within the midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis and play a role in copper detoxification","volume":"58","author":"Gomes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Insect Physiology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1897\/08-002.1","article-title":"Effects of particle composition and species on toxicity of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic organisms","volume":"27","author":"Griffitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0127988","article-title":"A quantitative analysis of growth and size regulation in Manduca sexta: the physiological basis of variation in size and age at metamorphosis","volume":"10","author":"Grunert","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2015.06.100","article-title":"A functional assay-based strategy for nanomaterial risk forecasting","volume":"536","author":"Hendren","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EM00551A","article-title":"Toxic effects of copper-based nanoparticles or compounds to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa)","volume":"17","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1021\/ES103031A","article-title":"Evidence for biomagnification of gold nanoparticles within a terrestrial food chain","volume":"45","author":"Judy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12672","DOI":"10.1021\/ES303333W","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of gold nanomaterials by Manduca sexta through dietary uptake of surface-contaminated plant tissue","volume":"46","author":"Judy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10637","DOI":"10.1021\/ES402209W","article-title":"Changes in Arabidopsis thaliana gene expression in response to silver nanoparticles and silver ions","volume":"47","author":"Kaveh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IMPACT.2017.05.003","article-title":"Comparative environmental fate and toxicity of copper nanomaterials","volume":"7","author":"Keller","year":"2017","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1897\/07-481.1","article-title":"Toxicity and bioavailability of copper nanoparticles to the terrestrial plants mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum): plant agar test for water-insoluble nanoparticles","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.1039\/C1NR10319A","article-title":"Trophic transfer of amphiphilic polymer-coated CdSe\/ZnS quantum dots to Danio rerio","volume":"3","author":"Lewinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17825","DOI":"10.1021\/JP046772P","article-title":"Simple template-free solution route for the controlled synthesis of Cu(OH)2 and CuO nanostructures","volume":"108","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry B"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1021\/ES048947E","article-title":"Why is metal bioaccumulation so variable? Biodynamics as a unifying concept","volume":"39","author":"Luoma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6782","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.EST.5B04784","article-title":"Cerium biomagnification in a terrestrial food chain: influence of particle size and growth stage","volume":"50","author":"Majumdar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ECOENV.2014.12.013","article-title":"Study on the correlation between copper oxide nanoparticles induced growth suppression and enhanced lignification in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)","volume":"113","author":"Nair","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8959","DOI":"10.1021\/ES801785M","article-title":"Toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","volume":"42","author":"Navarro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/JBIOL43","article-title":"A quantitative analysis of the mechanism that controls body size in Manduca sexta","volume":"5","author":"Nijhout","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Biology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ECOLENG.2017.04.047","article-title":"Rhizofiltration of a Bordeaux mixture effluent in pilot-scale constructed wetland using Arundo donax L. coupled with potential Cu-ecocatalyst production","volume":"105","author":"Oustriere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1039\/C4MT00343H","article-title":"Dissolved cerium contributes to uptake of Ce in the presence of differently sized CeO2 nanoparticles by three crop plants","volume":"7","author":"Schwabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.3389\/FMICB.2018.01769","article-title":"Plant and microbial responses to repeated Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide exposures under different fertilization levels in an agro-ecosystem","volume":"9","author":"Simonin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AQUATOX.2014.10.005","article-title":"Trophic transfer of differently functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles from crustaceans (Daphnia magna) to zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"157","author":"Skjolding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AQUATOX.2016.03.003","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysregulation of calcium homeostasis mediate Cu-induced alteration in hepatic lipid metabolism of javelin goby Synechogobius hasta","volume":"175","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.JAFC.8B00339","article-title":"Foliar exposure of Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide to basil (Ocimum basilicum): variety-dependent copper translocation and biochemical responses","volume":"66","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5132\/EEC.2014.01.006","article-title":"Acute toxicity of copper and chromium oxide nanoparticles to Daphnia similis","volume":"9","author":"Tavares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9753","DOI":"10.1021\/ES3025325","article-title":"Trophic transfer of Au nanoparticles from soil along a simulated terrestrial food chain","volume":"46","author":"Unrine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.ESTLETT.6B00252","article-title":"In situ measurement of CuO and Cu(OH)2 nanoparticle dissolution rates in quiescent freshwater mesocosms","volume":"3","author":"Vencalek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1021\/ES040354G","article-title":"Internal metal sequestration and its ecotoxicological relevance: a review","volume":"38","author":"Vijver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6008","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.EST.6B01017","article-title":"CuO nanoparticle interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana: toxicity, parent\u2013progeny transfer, and gene expression","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/TOXSCI\/KFS067","article-title":"Distribution, elimination and biopersistence to 90 days of a systemically introduced 30-nm ceria engineered nanomaterial in rats","volume":"127","author":"Yokel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IMPACT.2016.08.005","article-title":"Application of metabolomics to assess the impact of Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide on the nutritional value of lettuce (Lactuca sativa): enhanced Cu intake and reduced antioxidants","volume":"3\u20134","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EN00358G","article-title":"Activation of antioxidant and detoxification gene expression in cucumber plants exposed to a Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Nano"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5205","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.EST.6B05875","article-title":"Distribution, bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and influences of CeO2 nanoparticles in a constructed aquatic food web","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6628","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.JAFC.7B01306","article-title":"Comparative metabolic response between cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and corn (Zea mays) to a Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide","volume":"66","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"2025102411410626300_R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EM00329F","article-title":"Copper nanoparticles\/compounds impact agronomic and physiological parameters in cilantro (Coriandrum sativum)","volume":"17","author":"Zuverza-Mena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts"}],"container-title":["Environmental Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/en\/article-pdf\/16\/6\/411\/177772\/en19011.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/en\/article-pdf\/16\/6\/411\/177772\/en19011.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T15:41:15Z","timestamp":1761320475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/en\/article\/16\/6\/411\/24684\/Comparing-plant-insect-trophic-transfer-of-Cu-from"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/en19011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1448-2517","1449-8979"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1448-2517","type":"print"},{"value":"1449-8979","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]}}}