{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:25:42Z","timestamp":1787005542592,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4941,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent phylogenetic analyses have pointed to the dung beetle genus Epirinus as the putative African ancestral roller group. Consequently, we tested the roller status of species in the genus with observational studies and constructed a molecular phylogeny based on partial sequences of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes for 16 of 29 species. Tested species were confirmed to be dung rollers. Monophyly of the genus was confirmed, lending support to the synonymy of the wingless genus Endroedyantus with Epirinus. Moreover, the phylogenetic hypothesis was found to have a similar topology with a previously published one based on morphological data. A combined molecular and morphology analysis showed congruence between the molecular and morphological datasets. The loss of flight in some species and estimated divergence dates within Epirinus are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/is10032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T22:38:38Z","timestamp":1321569518000},"page":"197-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Phylogeny of the African ball-rolling dung beetle genus Epirinus Reiche (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae)"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Mlambo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa."},{"name":"BCorresponding author. Email: smlambo@zoology.up.ac.za"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. L.","family":"Sole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. H.","family":"Scholtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112621574495800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.1998.0519","article-title":"Assessing the relative contribution of molecular and morphological characters in simultaneous analysis trees.","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6491","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.14.6491","article-title":"Rapid morphological radiation and convergence among races of the butterfly Heliconius erato inferred from patterns of mitochondrial DNA evolution.","volume":"91","author":"Brower","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2006.00113.x","article-title":"The how and why of branch support and partitioned branch support, with a new index to assess partition incongruence.","volume":"22","author":"Brower","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2010.05.010","article-title":"Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) can improve soil hydrological properties.","volume":"46","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Applied Soil Ecology"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R4"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R5","first-page":"415","article-title":"Scarabaeine dung beetles as indicators of biodiversity, habitat transformation and pest control chemicals in agro-ecosystems.","volume":"100","author":"Davis","year":"2004","journal-title":"South African Journal of Science"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R6"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4001\/1021-3589-16.1.91","article-title":"Systematics of South African forest-endemic dung beetles: new genera and species of small Canthonini (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).","volume":"16","author":"Deschodt","year":"2008","journal-title":"African Entomology"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","article-title":"Beast: Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees.","volume":"7","author":"Drummond","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2699.1999.00307.x","article-title":"The influence of climate change on the distribution of indigenous forest in KwaZulu\u2013Natal, South Africa.","volume":"26","author":"Eeley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R10"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.2000.0888","article-title":"Evolutionary assembly of the milkweed fauna: cytochrome oxidase I and the age of Tetraopes beetles.","volume":"18","author":"Farrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3113.2004.00273.x","article-title":"Evolution of Scarabaeini (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).","volume":"30","author":"Forgie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Systematic Entomology"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2006.04.018","article-title":"Evolutionary relationships among the Scarabaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) based on combined molecular and morphological data.","volume":"40","author":"Forgie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R13"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi152","article-title":"A secondary structural of the 28S rRNA expansion segments D2 and D3 for chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea).","volume":"22","author":"Gillespie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R15","first-page":"1","article-title":"The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae).","volume":"12\u201314","author":"Halffter","year":"1966","journal-title":"Folia Entomologica Mexicana"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R16"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R17","first-page":"47","article-title":"Phylogeny of Scarabaeus (Pachysoma MacLeay) stat. nov., and related flightless Scarabaeini (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).","volume":"40","author":"Harrison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the Transvaal Museum"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0307-6946.2005.00746.x","article-title":"Are ball-rolling (Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, Sisyphini) and tunneling scarabaeine dung beetles equally choosy about the size of ingested dung particles?","volume":"30","author":"Holter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecological Entomology"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0133","article-title":"Phylogeny of the genus Hegeter (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera) and its colonization of the Canary Islands deduced from cytochrome oxidase I mitochondrial DNA sequences.","volume":"261","author":"Juan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbn013","article-title":"Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program.","volume":"9","author":"Katoh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Briefings in Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025112621574495800_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.133","article-title":"Touchdown PCR for increased specificity and sensitivity in PCR amplification.","volume":"3","author":"Korbie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1163\/187631205788838500","article-title":"Systematics of the southern African genus Epirinus Reiche (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Canthonini): descriptions of new species and phylogeny.","volume":"36","author":"Medina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Insect Systematics & Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/mmnd.20030500105","article-title":"Morphological variation and systematics of Canthon Hoffmansegg 1817, and related genera in New World Canthonini dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae).","volume":"50","author":"Medina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mitteilungen aus dem Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Berlin. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2007.06.009","article-title":"A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Scarabaeinae (dung beetles).","volume":"45","author":"Monaghan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-7903(03)00284-7","article-title":"Evolution and phylogenetic utility of CAD (rudimentary) among Mesozoic-aged eremoneuran Diptera (Insecta).","volume":"31","author":"Moulton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2008.04.011","article-title":"Ecological functions and ecosystem services provided by Scarabaeinae dung beetles.","volume":"141","author":"Nichols","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R27"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1071\/IS05031","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of the food relocation behaviour of the dung beetle tribe Eucraniini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).","volume":"20","author":"Ocampo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invertebrate Systematics"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2006.00139.x","article-title":"Molecular evolution and radiation of dung beetles in Madagascar.","volume":"23","author":"Orsini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1071\/IS03030","article-title":"A Phylogenetic analysis of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae: Scarabaeidae): unrolling an evolutionary history.","volume":"18","author":"Philips","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invertebrate Systematics"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4001\/003.017.0109","article-title":"Assemblages of dung beetles using cattle dung in Madagascar.","volume":"17","author":"Rahagalala","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Entomology"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg180","article-title":"MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models.","volume":"19","author":"Ronquist","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1366-9516.2006.00210.x","article-title":"Molecular dating of phylogenetic trees: a brief review of current methods that estimate divergence times.","volume":"12","author":"Rutschmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diversity & Distributions"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R34","first-page":"5","article-title":"Evolution of flghtlessness in Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera).","volume":"47","author":"Scholtz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mitteilungen aus dem Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Berlin. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R35","first-page":"121","article-title":"A revision of the southern African genus Epirus Reiche (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).","volume":"50","author":"Scholtz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R36"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/87.6.651","article-title":"Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers.","volume":"87","author":"Simon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of the Entomological Society of America"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02472.x","article-title":"Range expansions in the flightless longhorn cactus beetles, Moneilema armatum, in response to Pleistocene climate changes.","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2010.04.023","article-title":"Did dung beetles arise in Africa? A phylogenetic hypothesis based on five gene regions.","volume":"56","author":"Sole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2004.01124.x","article-title":"Phylogeography of the Namib Desert dung beetles Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) MacLeay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).","volume":"32","author":"Sole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R41"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R42"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/86.2.142","article-title":"Molecular population genetics of the endangered tiger beetle, Cicindela dorsalis (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae).","volume":"86","author":"Vogler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annals of the Entomological Society of America"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150802033006","article-title":"Genomic outposts serve the phylogenomic pioneers: designing novel nuclear markers for genomic DNA extractions of Lepidoptera.","volume":"57","author":"Wahlberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2008.05.023","article-title":"Evaluating nuclear protein-coding genes for phylogenetic utility in beetles.","volume":"48","author":"Wild","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3113.2010.00521.x","article-title":"On wings of lace: phylogeny and Bayesian divergence time estimates of Neuropterida (Insecta) based on morphological and molecular data.","volume":"35","author":"Winterton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Systematic Entomology"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2008.00352.x","article-title":"Evolution of the Canthonini Longitarsi (Scarabaeidae) in Madagascar.","volume":"37","author":"Wirta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zoologica Scripta"},{"key":"2025112621574495800_R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2008.03.010","article-title":"An old adaptive radiation of forest dung beetles in Madagascar.","volume":"47","author":"Wirta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"}],"container-title":["Invertebrate Systematics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/is\/article-pdf\/25\/3\/197\/421329\/is10032.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/is\/article-pdf\/25\/3\/197\/421329\/is10032.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T02:57:47Z","timestamp":1764212267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/is\/article\/25\/3\/197\/67603\/Phylogeny-of-the-African-ball-rolling-dung-beetle"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/is10032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1445-5226","1447-2600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1445-5226","type":"print"},{"value":"1447-2600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,18]]}}}