{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T23:56:49Z","timestamp":1775779009796,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":271,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and Ministry of Education and Science (FCT\/MEC)","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/29754\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/29754\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and Ministry of Education and Science (FCT\/MEC)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/131527\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/131527\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative","award":["knr 49-13, pnr 70184228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["knr 49-13, pnr 70184228"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004052","name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BAS\/1\/1109-01-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BAS\/1\/1109-01-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swedish Taxonomy Initiative","award":["dnr 140\/07 1.4 and 166\/08 1.4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["dnr 140\/07 1.4 and 166\/08 1.4"]}]},{"name":"ATLANTIDA \u2013 Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["NORTE-01\u20130145-FEDER-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01\u20130145-FEDER-000040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Molecular data have been suggesting the existence of a complex of cryptic species within the taxon Perinereis cultrifera, which has not been fully explored yet. In this study, we performed a morphological and molecular analysis (mtCOI-5P, 16S rRNA and 28SD2 rRNA) of Perinereis specimens from intertidal marine and brackish European localities, mostly focusing on the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands. Two major phylogenetic clades with at least 18 divergent (COI, 19.8; 6.4\u201328.5%) and completely sorted lineages were uncovered based on original data, 13 of which occurred exclusively in the Mediterranean Sea, a further 5 of which are unique to Italian brackish waters. An additional morphologically similar lineage, corresponding to P. oliveirae, coexisting with the single NE Atlantic lineage of the complex, was also retrieved as an ingroup. Careful morphological inspection, combined with the deep divergence between the two major molecular clades and the perfect match of each clade to the specific paragnath and chaetal types, highlighted the existence of two distinct groups of European Perinereis species: Clade A, which shows features matching historical descriptions of P. cultrifera, and Clade B corresponding to an overlooked morphotype described as P. rullieri. Although paragnaths show a similar pattern in the two clades, their sizes are considerably smaller in P. rullieri and the chaetae are characterised by coarse serration at the base of the spiniger blades and long falciger blades, as opposed to the lightly serrated blades and short falcigers in P. cultrifera. Further overlooked morphological features mainly based on thickness, direction and length of paragnaths, as well as the expansion of posteriormost dorsal ligules were also revealed within each major clade, which together with geographic and environmental boundaries allowed for the differentiation of most of these lineages without molecular data. Thirteen new species are here formally described, eight belonging to Clade A: P. caesarea sp. nov., P. faulwetterae sp. nov., P. houbinae sp. nov., P. maleniae sp. nov., P. miquellai sp. nov., P. muscoi sp. nov., P. nieri sp. nov. and P. twobae sp. nov.; and five belonging to Clade B: P. castellii sp. nov., P. juno sp. nov., P. jupiter sp. nov., P. minerva sp. nov. and P. tibicena sp. nov. The new combination P. beaucoudrayi is also proposed for Nereis beaucoudrayi, previously considered synonymous with P. cultrifera, for the only lineage occurring in the NE Atlantic. Lastly, Perinereis cultrifera s.s., P. rullieri s.s and the ingroup P. oliveirae are redescribed using topotypical material, with available syntypes and lectotypes assigned to the former two.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:28C64123-DE82-411D-BC96-5E892FC692E3<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/is24059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:45:41Z","timestamp":1740012341000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A sea of worms: the striking cases of the European Perinereis cultrifera and P. rullieri (Annelida: Nereididae) species complexes, with description of 13 new species"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2228-2673","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcos A. L.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) and Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, PT-4710-057 Braga, Portugal."},{"name":"BInstitute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, PT-4710-057 Braga, Portugal."},{"name":"CBiological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia."}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Langeneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), O.L.R. di Lecce, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, strada provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0977-1376","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ma\u00ebl","family":"Grosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EUniversity of Oslo, Natural History Museum, Sars\u2019 gate 1, N-0562 Oslo, Norway."}]},{"given":"Pedro E.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) and Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, PT-4710-057 Braga, Portugal."},{"name":"BInstitute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, PT-4710-057 Braga, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FBiolog\u00eda Animal, Edafolog\u00eda y Geolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain."}]},{"given":"Bruno R.","family":"Sampieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GMuseu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas \u2013 IB\/UNICAMP, Rua Charles Darwin, Bloco N, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Campinas, SP, Brazil."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1538-0320","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Kasapidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HHellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, An\u00e1vyssos, Greece."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5188-7305","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Torkild","family":"Bakken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INorwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway."}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBiological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1689-2985","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ascens\u00e3o","family":"Ravara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JDepartment of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, PT-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Nygren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KInstitutionen for marina vetenskaper, G\u00f6teborgs Universitet, Tj\u00e4rn\u00f6, Str\u00f6mstad, Sweden."}]},{"given":"Filipe O.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) and Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, PT-4710-057 Braga, Portugal."},{"name":"BInstitute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, PT-4710-057 Braga, 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