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We quantified kelp and associated macroalgal assemblages three times over a period of 2 years, at three regions along a natural gradient in temperature and nutrient availability across the Portuguese coast. Kelps were mostly found at the northern cool region (Viana do Castelo), which was also clearly separated from the two more southerly regions (Peniche, Sines) in terms of algal assemblage structure. This pattern was consistent, although varying in intensity, through time, providing support for this general spatial configuration. The overall richness of taxa increased towards lower latitudes. These findings indicated that kelp beds in southern Europe are currently restricted to northern Portugal, though supporting less diverse macroalgal assemblages compared with those located in central and southern Portugal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/mf14318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,9]],"date-time":"2015-07-09T19:01:13Z","timestamp":1436468473000},"page":"113-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Spatial and temporal variation of kelp forests and associated macroalgal assemblages along the Portuguese coast"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ACIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 289, PT-4050-123 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"ECorresponding author. Email: danielalealcmp@gmail.com"}]},{"given":"Iacopo","family":"Bertocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 289, PT-4050-123 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 289, PT-4050-123 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o N.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 289, PT-4050-123 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"David","family":"Jacinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMARE \u2013 Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laborat\u00f3rio de Ci\u00eancias do Mar, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Apartado 190, PT-7521-903 Sines, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o J.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMARE \u2013 Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laborat\u00f3rio de Ci\u00eancias do Mar, Universidade de \u00c9vora, Apartado 190, PT-7521-903 Sines, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 289, PT-4050-123 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Sousa-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACIIMAR\/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 289, PT-4050-123 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wernberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSchool of Plant Biology & UWA Oceans Institute (M470), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia."}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Tuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain."}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120823321855300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2216\/I0031-8884-27-2-.1","article-title":"A reassessment of northern Atlantic seaweed biogeography.","volume":"27","author":"Alvarez","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"2025120823321855300_R2","first-page":"32","article-title":"A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance.","volume":"26","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Austral Ecology"},{"key":"2025120823321855300_R3","first-page":"405","article-title":"Fragmenta Chorologica Occidentalia.","volume":"60","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid"},{"key":"2025120823321855300_R4","first-page":"359","article-title":"Contribution a l\u2019etude des algues marines du Portugal. 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