{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:24:10Z","timestamp":1772817850110,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2668,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Retracing the origins of invasive species is a first critical step in identifying potential mechanisms of introduction, implementation of management strategies and forecasting the spread of the invader. Mytilus galloprovincialis is an intertidal mussel that is widely distributed in many temperate and subtropical regions. It is invasive worldwide and the most successful invasive marine species in southern Africa. Previous studies have examined genetic relationships between a few South African populations from the south-western coast and other worldwide populations, presenting evidence of a north-eastern Atlantic origin of the invasion. Here, a combination of nuclear (Me15\/16 PCR-based) and mitochondrial (16S restriction fragment-length polymorphism; 16S RFLP) DNA assays was applied to infer the origin of this strong invader across its entire southern African distribution (South Africa and Namibia). The 16S RFLP confirmed the northern hemisphere as being the likely sole source of invasion. Additionally, the frequencies of haplotypes at the 16S marker and alleles at the Me15\/16 locus point to north-eastern Atlantic shores as the most likely origin throughout the Namibian and South African distribution of the species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/mf17132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T20:10:14Z","timestamp":1517861414000},"page":"607-613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Re-assessing the origins of the invasive mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in southern Africa"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"G. I.","family":"Zardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa."}]},{"given":"C. D.","family":"McQuaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa."}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Jacinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCCMAR (Centro de Ciencias do Mar), CIMAR Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, PT-8005-139 Faro, Portugal."}]},{"given":"C. R.","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa."}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Serr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCCMAR (Centro de Ciencias do Mar), CIMAR Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, PT-8005-139 Faro, Portugal."}]},{"given":"K. R.","family":"Nicastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCCMAR (Centro de Ciencias do Mar), CIMAR Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, PT-8005-139 Faro, Portugal."},{"name":"CCorresponding author. 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South Africa\u2019s Aquaculture Yearbook 2012. (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries: Cape Town, South Africa.) Available at http:\/\/www.nda.agric.za\/doaDev\/sideMenu\/fisheries\/03_areasofwork\/Aquaculture\/AquaDocumentation\/Aquaculture%20Annual%20Reports\/AQUACULTURE%20YEARBOOK%202012.pdf [Verified 1 February 2018]."},{"issue":"1539","key":"2025120823510141400_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1098\/RSPB.2003.2629","article-title":"Global hot spots of biological invasions: evaluating options for ballast-water management.","volume":"271","author":"Drake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 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