{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:49:33Z","timestamp":1778507373284,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,30]]},"abstract":"Forest fires are an important source of various gases and particles emitted into the atmosphere that may affect the air quality on a local and\/or larger scale. Currently, there is a growing awareness that smoke from wildland fires exposes individuals and populations to hazardous air pollutants. In order to understand and to simulate forest fire effects on air quality, several issues should be analysed and integrated: fire progression, fire emissions, atmospheric flow, smoke dispersion and chemical reactions. In spite of the available models to simulate smoke dispersion and the existence of some systems already covering the main questions, there still remains a lack of integration concerning fire progression. Photochemical pollution is also not included in these modelling systems. AIRFIRE is a numerical system, developed to estimate the effects of forest fires on air quality, integrating several components of the problem through the inclusion of different modules, namely the mesoscale meteorological model MEMO, the photochemical model MARS, and the Rothermel fire spread model. The system was applied to simulate plume dispersion from a wildfire that occurred in a coastal area, close to Lisbon city, at the end of September 1991. Results, namely the obtained pollutants concentration fields, point to a significant impact on the local air quality. Obtained wind fields and concentration patterns revealed the presence of sea breezes and also the influence of the fire in the atmospheric flow. Estimated carbon monoxide concentration levels were very high, exceeding the recommended hourly limit value of the World Health Organization, and ozone concentration values pointed to photochemical production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/wf02047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,29]],"date-time":"2004-06-29T23:12:29Z","timestamp":1088550749000},"page":"217-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["An integrated numerical system to estimate air quality effects of forest fires"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"A. I.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Telephone: +351 234 370200; fax: +351 234 429290; email: aicm@dao.ua.pt"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112621123955500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson H 1983 \u2018Predicting wind-driven wild land fire and shape.\u2019 USDA Forest Service Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Paper INT-305. Ogden, UT 26 pp.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.69035"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R2"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldasano JM Costa M Cremades L Flassak T Wortmann-Vierthaler M 1993 Influence of traffic conditions on the air quality of Barcelona during the Olympic Games \u201992. \u2018Proceedings of the 20th international technical meeting of NATO\/CCMS on air pollution modelling and its applications\u2019. Gryning S Mill\u00e1n M 643 644 Plenum Press New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1817-4_85"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R4","unstructured":"Borrego C Miranda AI Nunes M 1997 Introduction of a forest fire effect in a mesoscale dispersion model. \u2018Proceedings of the 22nd international technical meeting of NATO\/CCMS on air pollution modelling and its applications\u2019. Gryning S Chaumerliac N 292 299 Plenum Press New York"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R5","unstructured":"Borrego C Miranda AI Carvalho AC Carvalho A 1999 Forest fires and air pollution: a local and a global perspective. \u2018Proceedings of the 7th international conference on air pollution\u2019. Brebbia C Jacobson M Power H 741 750 WIT Press Southampton, Boston"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borrego C Barros N Miranda AI Carvalho AC Valinhas MJ 2000 Validation of two photochemical numerical systems under complex mesoscale circulations. \u2018Proceedings of the 23rd international technical meeting of NATO\/CCMS on air pollution modelling and its application\u2019. Gryning S Batchvarova E 597 604 Kluwer Academic\/Plenum Publishers New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4153-0_61"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R7"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R8"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coutinho M Rocha A Borrego C 1993 Numerical simulation of meso-meteorological circulations in the Lisbon region. \u2018Proceedings of the 20th international technical meeting of NATO\/CCMS on air pollution modelling and its applications\u2019. Gryning S Mill\u00e1n M 53 62 Plenum Press New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1817-4_7"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R10","unstructured":"European Commission 1994 \u2018Corinair technical annexes: default emission factors handbook.\u2019 Volume 2. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities Brussels"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R11"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R12"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R13"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R14","unstructured":"Lopes A 1993 \u2018Modela\u00e7\u00e3o num\u00e9rica e experimental do escoamento turbulento tridimensional em topografia complexa: aplica\u00e7\u00e3o ao caso de um desfiladeiro [Numerical and experimental modelling of 3D turbulent flow in complex topography: application to a canyon case]. \u2019 PhD thesis, University of Coimbra. 320 pp."},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R15","unstructured":"Miranda AI Borrego C Viegas D 1994 a Forest fire effects on the air quality. \u2018Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on air pollution, Vol. 1: Computer simulation\u2019. Baldasano J Brebbia C Power H Zannetti P 191 199 Computational Mechanics Publications Southampton"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R16"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R17"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R18","unstructured":"Miranda AI Borrego C 1998 Pattern changes in the atmospheric flow induced by forest fires. \u2018Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on forest fire research, 14th fire and forest meteorology conference, Vol. I.\u2019 Viegas D 1099 1115"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R19","unstructured":"Miranda AI 1998 \u2018Efeito dos inc\u00eandios florestais na qualidade do ar [Forest fire effects on air quality].\u2019 PhD thesis, University of Aveiro. 213 pp."},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R20"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R21"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R22"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R23"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R24"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R25"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R26"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R27","unstructured":"Rothermel R 1972 \u2018A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels.\u2019 Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Paper INT-115. 40 USDA Forest Service Ogden, UT"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R28"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R29"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R30"},{"key":"2025112621123955500_R31","unstructured":"Ward D Rothermel R Bushey C 1993 Particulate matter and trace gas emissions from the Canyon Creek fire of 1988. \u2018Proceedings of the 12th fire and forest meteorology conference\u2019. 62 76 Society of American Foresters Bethesda, MD"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Wildland Fire"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/wf\/article-pdf\/13\/2\/217\/156305\/wf02047.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/wf\/article-pdf\/13\/2\/217\/156305\/wf02047.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T02:12:46Z","timestamp":1764209566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/wf\/article\/13\/2\/217\/22628\/An-integrated-numerical-system-to-estimate-air"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,30]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/wf02047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-8001","1448-5516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-8001","type":"print"},{"value":"1448-5516","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,30]]}}}