{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T04:15:58Z","timestamp":1774152958306,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2659,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/journalslicense"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Junction fires, which involve the merging of two linear fire fronts intersecting at a small angle, are associated with very intense fire behaviour. The dynamic displacement of the intersection point of the two lines and the flow along the symmetry plane of the fire are analysed for symmetric boundary conditions. It is observed that the velocity of displacement of this point increases very rapidly owing to strong convective effects created by the fire that are similar to those of an eruptive fire. The change of fire geometry and of its associated flow gradually blocks the rate of spread increase and creates a strong deceleration of the fire, which ends up behaving like a linear fire front. Results from laboratory and field-scale experiments, using various fuel beds and slope angles and from a large-scale fire show that the processes are similar at a wide range of scales with little dependence on the initial boundary conditions. Numerical simulation of the heat flux from two flame surfaces to an element of the fuel bed show that radiation can be considered as the main mechanism of fire spread only during the deceleration phase of the fire.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1071\/wf16173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T21:18:40Z","timestamp":1516655920000},"page":"52-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Analysis of the physical processes associated with junction fires at laboratory and field scales"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"J. R.","family":"Raposo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AADAI\/Center of Studies of Forest Fires (CEIF), University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis dos Santos, Coimbra 3030-788, Portugal."}]},{"given":"D. X.","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AADAI\/Center of Studies of Forest Fires (CEIF), University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis dos Santos, Coimbra 3030-788, Portugal."},{"name":"DCorresponding author. Email: xavier.viegas@dem.uc.pt"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BState Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China."}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AADAI\/Center of Studies of Forest Fires (CEIF), University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis dos Santos, Coimbra 3030-788, Portugal."}]},{"given":"A. R.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AADAI\/Center of Studies of Forest Fires (CEIF), University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis dos Santos, Coimbra 3030-788, Portugal."}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AADAI\/Center of Studies of Forest Fires (CEIF), University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis dos Santos, Coimbra 3030-788, Portugal."}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sharples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUniversity of New South Wales, UNSW Canberra, ACT 2610, Australia."}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112620351585100_R1"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R2"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R3"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R4"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3801\/IAFSS.FSS.10-1415","article-title":"Numerical study of the interaction between a head and a backfire propagating in grassland.","volume":"10","author":"Morvan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fire Safety Science"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2014.05.100","article-title":"Upslope spread of a linear flame front over a pine needle fuel bed: The role of convection cooling.","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Combustion Institute"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R7","unstructured":"Pastor EF (2004) Contribuci\u00f3 a l\u2019estudi dels efects dels retardants en l\u2019extinci\u00f3 d\u2019incendis forestals. 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In \u201820th international congress on modelling and simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, December 2013, pp. 256\u2013262. (Adelaide, Australia). Available at www.mssanz.org.au\/modsim2013 [Verified 14 November 2017]"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R14"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1071\/WF01049","article-title":"Fire line rotation as a mechanism for fire spread on a uniform slope.","volume":"11","author":"Viegas","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/00102200590883624","article-title":"A mathematical model for forest fires blow-up.","volume":"177","author":"Viegas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Combustion Science and Technology"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1071\/WF03046","article-title":"Slope and wind effects on fire propagation.","volume":"13","author":"Viegas","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1071\/WF05050","article-title":"Parametric study of an eruptive fire behaviour model.","volume":"15","author":"Viegas","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R19"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1071\/WF03050","article-title":"Fire spread in canyons.","volume":"13","author":"Viegas","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Wildland Fire"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/S10694-010-0193-6","article-title":"Eruptive behaviour of forest fires.","volume":"47","author":"Viegas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fire Technology"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R22"},{"key":"2025112620351585100_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1071\/WF10155","article-title":"Study of the jump fire produced by the interaction of two oblique fire fronts. 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