{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:22:17Z","timestamp":1774977737684,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":64,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current fire behaviour modelling assumes that the head fire rate of spread (ROS) depends on the three factors of the classical fire environment triangle (fuel, meteorology and topography) without considering the convective processes resulting from the interaction between fire and the environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An analytical model is proposed to predict the large-amplitude oscillations of the head fire ROS caused by this interaction, which often lead to rapid acceleration and deceleration of the fire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mathematical model proposed earlier is applied to the head fire\u2019s acceleration and deceleration phases, using results from laboratory, field-scale and wildfires, to develop the parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two sets of model parameters were proposed to predict the temporal variation of the ROS in the laboratory and field-scale fires. Using data from wildfires, the present model predicts the time lapses of given periods of acceleration or deceleration with sufficient accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An analytical model is proposed to predict the large amplitude temporal variation of the head fire ROS during large fires. This model will go beyond current fire behaviour models that do not explain and predict these acceleration and deceleration processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present analytical model to predict the acceleration and deceleration of the head fire proposes a novel interpretation of the fire behaviour, considering its dynamic effects and their inclusion in fire spread modelling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/wf24166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T19:02:17Z","timestamp":1751914937000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analytical model to predict the self-induced acceleration and deceleration of a head fire"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Domingos Xavier","family":"Viegas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, ADAI, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6108-7793","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, ADAI, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9972-4601","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lu\u00eds M.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, ADAI, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, ADAI, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis 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