{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:13:59Z","timestamp":1770884039289,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1044,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the factors determining the impacts of roads and how they fragment landscapes limiting the movement of animals, is key to implement efficient mitigation measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here we investigate if road orientation in relation to limiting resources, a largely overlooked factor on road impact assessments, can influence the movement of animals within a landscape where water resources are spatially clustered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated movement by monitoring animal tracks on unpaved roads: two with a North\u2013South orientation and two with an East\u2013West orientation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animals were more likely to follow roads leading to limiting resources (i.e. East\u2013West orientation), confirming human linear structures can facilitate wildlife movements. Carnivores were more likely to follow roads with any orientation and for longer compared to ungulates, whereas ungulates followed roads mainly in the orientation of limiting resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Road orientation affects how roads influence the movement of animals in landscapes where resources are distributed along a spatial gradient with different effects for ungulates and carnivores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The key implications of this work affect the planning and implementation of mitigation strategies and safety measures. Our results suggest road-crossing infrastructure and fences will be most important in roads traversing a gradient to allow wildlife movement while preventing collisions. For roads along a gradient, crossing structures may be less important, but fences or appropriate signage could be useful to prevent or warn drivers of animals travelling on the road.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1071\/wr21149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T20:44:00Z","timestamp":1657745040000},"page":"39-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Road orientation affects the impact of roads on wildlife"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0303-9360","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margarita","family":"Mulero-P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ADepartment of Animal Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain."},{"name":"BSchool of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, 3 Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK."}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Roll\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCybertracker Conservation, Plaza del Comercio 2, 21750 El Roc\u00edo, Huelva, Spain."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0573-9184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcello","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DCIBIO-InBIO, School of Agriculture, University of Porto and University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda Campus, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal."},{"name":"EPresent address: Department of Conservation Biology, Do\u00f1ana Biological Station CSIC, C\/Am\u00e9rico Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5069-8900","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manuela","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEcology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EX, UK."}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120821164595400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11454-z","article-title":"Use of anthropogenic linear features by two medium-sized carnivores in reserved and agricultural landscapes.","volume":"7","author":"Andersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2019.e00661","article-title":"Beware that the lack of wildlife mortality records can mask a serious impact of linear infrastructures.","volume":"19","author":"Ascens\u00e3o","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Conservation"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2019.103653","article-title":"Prioritizing road defragmentation using graph-based tools.","volume":"192","author":"Ascens\u00e3o","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2018.04.014","article-title":"A review of searcher efficiency and carcass persistence in infrastructure-driven mortality assessment studies.","volume":"222","author":"Barrientos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40823-017-0020-6","article-title":"Effects of road density and pattern on the conservation of species and biodiversity.","volume":"2","author":"Bennett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Landscape Ecology Reports"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.26077\/ns32-mk60","article-title":"Assessment of costs associated with deer\u2013vehicle collisions: human death and injury, vehicle damage, and deer loss.","volume":"2","author":"Bissonette","year":"2008","journal-title":"Human-Wildlife Conflicts"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-016-0407-5","article-title":"Influence of separating home range and dispersal movements on characterizing corridors and effective distances.","volume":"31","author":"Blazquez-Cabrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Landscape Ecology"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2011.09.011","article-title":"Factors affecting mortality of vertebrates on the roads in the Czech Republic.","volume":"17","author":"Borkovcov\u00e1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.12.022","article-title":"Road hogs: implications from GPS collared feral swine in pastureland habitat on the general utility of road-based observation techniques for assessing abundance.","volume":"99","author":"Boughton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2020.102351","article-title":"Multi-criteria analysis of transport infrastructure projects.","volume":"83","author":"Broniewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2006.05.020","article-title":"Toad on the road: use of roads as dispersal corridors by cane toads (Bufo marinus) at an invasion front in tropical Australia.","volume":"133","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R12"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12564","article-title":"Global exposure of carnivores to roads.","volume":"26","author":"Ceia-Hasse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148121","article-title":"Differential effects of roads and traffic on space use and movements of native forest-dependent and introduced edge-tolerant species.","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26077\/r59n-bv76","article-title":"Numbers of human fatalities, injuries, and illnesses in the United States due to wildlife.","volume":"13","author":"Conover","year":"2019","journal-title":"Human\u2013Wildlife Interactions"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2015.06.010","article-title":"Vertebrate road-kill patterns in Mediterranean habitats: who, when and where.","volume":"191","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12572","article-title":"Road avoidance responses determine the impact of heterogeneous road networks at a regional scale.","volume":"53","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2011.01.002","article-title":"Assessing methods of mitigating wildlife\u2013vehicle collisions by accident characterization and spatial analysis.","volume":"16","author":"Diaz-Varela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106402","article-title":"Species\u2019 traits as predictors of avoidance towards roads and traffic.","volume":"115","author":"Duffett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R20"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12769","article-title":"Spatial and species-level predictions of road mortality risk using trait data.","volume":"27","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-010-0478-6","article-title":"Do well-connected landscapes promote road-related mortality?","volume":"57","author":"Grilo","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Wildlife Research"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043811","article-title":"Individual spatial responses towards roads: implications for mortality risk.","volume":"7","author":"Grilo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1345","article-title":"A behavior-based framework for assessing barrier effects to wildlife from vehicle traffic volume.","volume":"7","author":"Jacobson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2018.09.026","article-title":"A fence runs through it: a call for greater attention to the influence of fences on wildlife and ecosystems.","volume":"227","author":"Jakes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-016-1194-7","article-title":"Forest mammal roadkills as related to habitat connectivity in protected areas.","volume":"25","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biodiversity and Conservation"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.15298\/rusjtheriol.16.2.02","article-title":"Daily activity patterns of ungulates at water holes during the dry season in the Waterberg National Park, Namibia.","volume":"16","author":"Kasiringua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Russian Journal of Theriology"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecm.1404","article-title":"Quantifying water requirements of African ungulates through a combination of functional traits.","volume":"90","author":"Kihwele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecological Monographs"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2004.00268.x","article-title":"Effects of road clearings on movement patterns of understory rainforest birds in central Amazonia.","volume":"18","author":"Laurance","year":"2004","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1979.tb00667.x","article-title":"Some observations and field experiments on the urine marking behaviour of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L.","volume":"51","author":"Macdonald","year":"1979","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381-00002850","article-title":"Spatial analysis of amphibian road mortality levels in northern Portugal country roads.","volume":"33","author":"Matos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amphibia-Reptilia"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aabd42","article-title":"Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure.","volume":"13","author":"Meijer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164-008-0098-8","article-title":"Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) use rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) scent marks as territorial marking sites.","volume":"27","author":"Moncl\u00fas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Ethology"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3897\/natureconservation.5.4634","article-title":"Spatio-temporal patterns of wildlife-vehicle collisions in a region with a high-density road network.","volume":"5","author":"?orelle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Conservation"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R35"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R36"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166941","article-title":"How effective is road mitigation at reducing road-kill? A meta-analysis.","volume":"11","author":"Rytwinski","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R38"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12080","article-title":"Barriers or corridors? The overlooked role of unpaved roads in endozoochorous seed dispersal.","volume":"50","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Esteban","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.01.006","article-title":"Pigs in space: an agent-based model of wild boar (Sus scrofa) movement into cities.","volume":"173","author":"Toger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6409","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2306","article-title":"A simple framework for a complex problem? Predicting wildlife\u2013vehicle collisions.","volume":"6","author":"Visintin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2017.12.003","article-title":"Managing the timing and speed of vehicles reduces wildlife-transport collision risk.","volume":"59","author":"Visintin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1890\/03-5317","article-title":"Spatial responses of wolves to roads and trails in mountain valleys.","volume":"15","author":"Whittington","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"2025120821164595400_R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2011.02043.x","article-title":"Caribou encounters with wolves increase near roads and trails: a time-to-event approach.","volume":"48","author":"Whittington","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"}],"container-title":["Wildlife Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/wr\/article-pdf\/50\/1\/39\/254565\/wr21149.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/wr\/article-pdf\/50\/1\/39\/254565\/wr21149.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T02:18:01Z","timestamp":1765246681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/connectsci.au\/wr\/article\/50\/1\/39\/41161\/Road-orientation-affects-the-impact-of-roads-on"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/wr21149","relation":{},"ISSN":["1035-3712","1448-5494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1035-3712","type":"print"},{"value":"1448-5494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]}}}