{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:00:02Z","timestamp":1781107202911,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The apparatus of photosynthetic energy conversion in chloroplasts is quite well characterized with respect to structure and function. Light-driven electron transport in the thylakoid membrane is coupled to synthesis of ATP, used to drive energy-dependent metabolic processes in the stroma and the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane. The role of the inner (luminal) compartment of the thylakoids has, however, remained largely unknown although recent proteomic analyses have revealed the presence of up to 80 different proteins. Further, there are no reports concerning the presence of nucleotides in the thylakoid lumen. Here, we bring three lines of experimental evidence for nucleotide-dependent processes in this chloroplast compartment. (\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) The thylakoid lumen contains a protein of 17.2 kDa, catalyzing the transfer of the \u03b3-phosphate group from ATP to GDP, proposed to correspond to the nucleoside diphosphate kinase III. (\n                    <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) The 33-kDa subunit of photosystem II, bound to the luminal side of the thylakoid membrane and associated with the water-splitting process, can bind GTP. (\n                    <jats:italic>iii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) The thylakoid membrane contains a nucleotide transport system that is suggested to be associated with a 36.5-kDa nucleotide-binding protein. Our results imply, against current dogmas, that the thylakoid lumen contains nucleotides, thereby providing unexpected aspects on this chloroplast compartment from a metabolic and regulatory perspective and expanding its functional significance beyond a pure bioenergetic function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308164100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]],"date-time":"2004-02-03T12:47:24Z","timestamp":1075812444000},"page":"1409-1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Multiple evidence for nucleotide metabolism in the chloroplast thylakoid lumen"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Spetea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torill","family":"Hundal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Lundin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounia","family":"Heddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Adamska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertil","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology and Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","unstructured":"Bacon K. 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