{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:57:22Z","timestamp":1781110642174,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"39","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Replication forks are arrested at specific sequences to facilitate a variety of DNA transactions. Forks also stall at sites of DNA damage, and the regression of stalled forks without rescue can cause genetic instability. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms of fork arrest and of rescue of stalled forks is of considerable general interest. In\n                    <jats:italic>Schizosaccharomyces pombe<\/jats:italic>\n                    , products of two mating-type switching genes,\n                    <jats:italic>swi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>swi3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , participate in fork arrest at the mating-type switch locus. Here, we show that these proteins also act at three termini (Ter) also called replication fork barriers in the spacer regions of rDNA but not at a fourth site, RFP4, which is nonfunctional when present in a plasmid. Two of the Swi1p- and Swi3p-dependent sites were also dependent on the transcription terminator Reb1p. Furthermore, hydroxyurea-induced replication stress mimicked the effect of\n                    <jats:italic>swi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>swi3<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations at these sites. A\n                    <jats:italic>swi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant that failed to arrest forks at the mating-type fork barrier RTS1 was functional at the rDNA Ter sites, suggesting some specificity of action. Both WT and mutant forms of Swi1p were physically localized at the Ter sites\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The results support the notion that Swi1p and Swi3p act at several different protein\u2013DNA complexes in the rDNA spacer regions to arrest replication but that not all fork barriers required their activity to arrest forks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406037101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,15]],"date-time":"2004-09-15T20:28:42Z","timestamp":1095280122000},"page":"14085-14090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["<i>swi1<\/i>\n                    - and\n                    <i>swi3<\/i>\n                    -dependent and independent replication fork arrest at the ribosomal DNA of\n                    <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Gregor","family":"Krings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Bastia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm951"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35003501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1075277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00572-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(02)02380-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Bastia D. & Mohanty B. 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