{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:48:55Z","timestamp":1781106535016,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"44","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Genetic interactions define overlapping functions and compensatory pathways. In particular, synthetic sick or lethal (SSL) genetic interactions are important for understanding how an organism tolerates random mutation, i.e., genetic robustness. Comprehensive identification of SSL relationships remains far from complete in any organism, because mapping these networks is highly labor intensive. The ability to predict SSL interactions, however, could efficiently guide further SSL discovery. Toward this end, we predicted pairs of SSL genes in\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    by using probabilistic decision trees to integrate multiple types of data, including localization, mRNA expression, physical interaction, protein function, and characteristics of network topology. Experimental evidence demonstrated the reliability of this strategy, which, when extended to human SSL interactions, may prove valuable in discovering drug targets for cancer therapy and in identifying genes responsible for multigenic diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406614101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,20]],"date-time":"2004-10-20T20:14:07Z","timestamp":1098303247000},"page":"15682-15687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Combining biological networks to predict genetic interactions"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Sharyl L.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Smith 858, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan V.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Smith 858, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy H. Y.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Smith 858, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; 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Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Smith 858, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Lesage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Smith 858, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Smith 858, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Smith 858, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Bussey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Smith 858, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Boone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1; and Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Smith 858, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick P.","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; 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