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Because non-human primates are important models for AIDS vaccine research, rhesus monkeys from a thoroughly pedigreed and serotyped colony were subjected to full-length cDNA analysis of MHC class I gene transcripts. Rhesus macaques express multiple dominant<jats:italic>Mamu<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Mamu-B<\/jats:italic>transcripts (majors) per chromosome, which are characterized by high expression levels. The presence of additional cDNAs with low levels of expression (minors) suggests evidence for transcriptional control of MHC class I genes. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses illustrate that most of the<jats:italic>Mamu<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Mamu<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>loci\/lineages identified display no or only limited levels of allelic polymorphism. Thus, MHC class I diversity in rhesus macaques is typified by the existence of an unmatched high number of<jats:italic>Mamu<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>A and Mamu<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>region configurations that exhibit polymorphism with regard to the number and combination of transcribed loci present per chromosome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409084102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,22]],"date-time":"2005-01-22T01:41:41Z","timestamp":1106358101000},"page":"1626-1631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["Unparalleled complexity of the MHC class I region in rhesus macaques"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Nel","family":"Otting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715"}]},{"given":"Corrine M. C.","family":"Heijmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715"}]},{"given":"Riet C.","family":"Noort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715"}]},{"given":"Natasja G.","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715"}]},{"given":"Gaby G. M.","family":"Doxiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715"}]},{"given":"Jon J.","family":"van Rood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715"}]},{"given":"David I.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715"}]},{"given":"Ronald E.","family":"Bontrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, E3-Q, P.O. 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